Table 1. General and Occupational Characteristics of the Study Participants.
| Characteristics | n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 32970 (100.0) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 17532 (53.2) | |
| Female | 15438 (46.8) | |
| Age (yr) | ||
| <30 | 2465 (7.5) | |
| 30–39 | 6619 (20.1) | |
| 40–49 | 8794 (26.7) | |
| 50–59 | 9302 (28.2) | |
| ≥60 | 5790 (17.6) | |
| Education | ||
| Middle school graduate or below | 3895 (11.8) | |
| High school graduate | 12541 (38.1) | |
| College graduate or above | 16534 (50.1) | |
| Monthly income (Korean won, KRW) | ||
| <2000000 | 8629 (26.2) | |
| 2000000–2999000 | 10382 (31.5) | |
| 3000000–3999000 | 7724 (23.4) | |
| ≥4000000 | 6235 (18.9) | |
| Occupation | ||
| Manager or professional | 5808 (17.6) | |
| Office worker | 5577 (16.9) | |
| Service worker | 6420 (19.5) | |
| Sales worker | 6682 (20.3) | |
| Technician or skilled worker | 8483 (25.7) | |
| Business size (number of employees) | ||
| Small (1–9) | 19713 (59.8) | |
| Medium (10–249) | 9259 (28.1) | |
| Large (≥250) | 3998 (12.1) | |
| Weekly working hours | ||
| 40 | 12395 (37.6) | |
| 41–52 | 10385 (31.5) | |
| >52 | 10190 (30.9) | |
| Proportion of time spent standing up compared to total hours worked (quartile) | ||
| Rarely stand and work | 10154 (30.8) | |
| One quarter (1/4) | 6897 (20.9) | |
| One half (1/2) | 5818 (17.6) | |
| Three quarters (3/4) | 4312 (13.1) | |
| Almost all working hours | 5789 (17.6) | |
| Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue | ||
| Low back pain | 3953 (12.0) | |
| Lower extremity muscle pain | 5624 (17.1) | |
| Whole body fatigue | ||