Table 4. ORs and 95% CIs of Musculoskeletal Pain and Fatigue with Reference to the Proportion of Prolonged Standing Time at Work Adjusting for Related Factors.
| Proportion of time spent standing up to total hours worked (quartile) | Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low back pain | Lower extremity muscle pain | Whole body fatigue | Low back pain | Lower extremity muscle pain | Whole body fatigue | |
| Crude Model | Crude OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) |
| Rarely stand and work | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| One quarter (1/4) | 1.233 (1.073–1.415)* | 1.380 (1.217–1.564)* | 1.276 (1.154–1.410)* | 1.574 (1.349-1.836)* | 1.776 (1.550–2.036)* | 1.561 (1.390–1.753)* |
| One half (1/2) | 1.463 (1.268–1.688)* | 1.925 (1.697–2.184)* | 1.571 (1.415–1.744)* | 1.936 (1.666–2.250)* | 2.510 (2.201–2.863)* | 2.109 (1.883–2.362)* |
| Three quarters (3/4) | 1.495 (1.271–1.758)* | 2.148 (1.868–2.469)* | 1.768 (1.572–1.988)* | 2.050 (1.754–2.396)* | 2.660 (2.321–3.048)* | 1.979 (1.755–2.231)* |
| Almost all working hours | 1.887 (1.638–2.174)* | 2.476 (2.183–2.808)* | 1.970 (1.772–2.191)* | 2.498 (2.171–2.875)* | 3.383 (2.989–3.828)* | 2.231 (2.000–2.488)* |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
*p<0.05, †Adjusted for age, education, monthly income, occupation, business size, and weekly working hours.