Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of resectable pancreatic cancer patients at baseline in the training and validation cohorts.
| Variables | Overall (N = 156) | Training cohort (N = 109) | Validation cohort (N = 47) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 1 | ||||
| Female | 64 (41.0%) | 45 (41.3%) | 19 (40.4%) | ||
| Male | 92 (59.0%) | 64 (58.7%) | 28 (59.6%) | ||
| Age (years) | 0.527 | ||||
| >60 | 92 (59.0%) | 62 (56.9%) | 30 (63.8%) | ||
| ≤60 | 64 (41.0%) | 47 (43.1%) | 17 (36.2%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.604 | ||||
| <18.5 | 15 (9.6%) | 10 (9.2%) | 5 (10.6%) | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 102 (65.4%) | 75 (68.8%) | 27 (57.4%) | ||
| 25–28 | 28 (17.9%) | 17 (15.6%) | 11 (23.4%) | ||
| 28–32 | 10 (6.4%) | 6 (5.5%) | 4 (8.5%) | ||
| >32 | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Operation | 0.942 | ||||
| DP | 76 (48.7%) | 54 (49.5%) | 22 (46.8%) | ||
| PD | 71 (45.5%) | 49 (45.0%) | 22 (46.8%) | ||
| TP | 9 (5.8%) | 6 (5.5%) | 3 (6.4%) | ||
| NLR | 0.562 | ||||
| ≥5 | 15 (9.6%) | 9 (8.3%) | 6 (12. 8%) | ||
| <5 | 141 (90.4%) | 100 (91.7%) | 41 (87.2%) | ||
| PLR | 0.650 | ||||
| ≥110 | 114 (73.1%) | 78 (71.6%) | 36 (76.6%) | ||
| <110 | 42 (26.9%) | 31 (28.4%) | 11 (23.4%) | ||
| ΔCA19-9 decrease | 0.128 | ||||
| <80% | 89 (57.1%) | 67 (61.5%) | 22 (46.8%) | ||
| ≥80% | 67 (42.9%) | 42 (38.5%) | 25 (53.2%) | ||
| R status | 0.622 | ||||
| R0 | 124 (79.5%) | 85 (78.0%) | 39 (83.0%) | ||
| R1 | 32 (20.5%) | 24 (22.0%) | 8 (17.0%) | ||
| Tumor differentiation | 0.667 | ||||
| High | 22 (14.1%) | 14 (12.8%) | 4 (8.5%) | ||
| Median | 95 (60.9%) | 74 (67.9%) | 32 (69.1%) | ||
| Low | 39 (25.0%) | 21 (19.3%) | 11 (23.4%) | ||
| T stage | 0.451 | ||||
| 1 | 25 (16.0%) | 15 (13.8%) | 10 (21.3%) | ||
| 2 | 89 (57.1%) | 65 (59.6%) | 24 (51.1%) | ||
| 3 | 42 (26.9%) | 29 (26.6%) | 13 (27.7%) | ||
| N stage | 0.786 | ||||
| 0 | 74 (47.4%) | 56 (51.4%) | 26 (55.3%) | ||
| 1 | 56 (35.9%) | 41 (37.6%) | 15 (31.9%) | ||
| 2 | 26 (16.7%) | 12 (11.0%) | 6 (12.8%) | ||
| LVI | 1 | ||||
| Negative | 96 (61.5%) | 67 (61.5%) | 29 (61.7%) | ||
| Positive | 60 (38.5%) | 42 (38.5%) | 18 (38.3%) | ||
| PNI | 0.038 | ||||
| Negative | 22 (14.1%) | 20 (18.3%) | 2 (4.3%) | ||
| Positive | 134 (85.9%) | 89 (81.7%) | 45 (95.7%) | ||
| Ki-67 | 0.539 | ||||
| ≥50% | 132 (84.6%) | 94 (86.2%) | 38 (80.9%) | ||
| <50% | 24 (15.4%) | 15 (13.8%) | 9 (19.1%) | ||
| SMAD4 expression | 0.448 | ||||
| Negative | 95 (60.9%) | 69 (63.3%) | 26 (55.3%) | ||
| Positive | 61 (39.1%) | 40 (36.7%) | 21 (44.7%) | ||
| Clavien-Dindo classification | 0.476 | ||||
| 0 | 108 (69.2%) | 73 (67.0%) | 35 (74.5%) | ||
| I–II | 46 (29.5%) | 35(32.1%) | 11 (23.4%) | ||
| III–V | 2 (1.3%) | 1(0.9%) | 1 (2.1%) | ||
| Adjuvant therapy regimen | 0.042 | ||||
| Gemcitabine-based | 89 (57.1%) | 62 (56.9%) | 27 (57.4%) | ||
| 5FU-based | 53 (34.0%) | 41 (37.6%) | 12 (25.5%) | ||
| Combining | 14 (8.9%) | 6 (5.5%) | 8 (17.0%) | ||
| Duration of adjuvant therapy | 0.544 | ||||
| <two cycles | 53 (34.0%) | 36 (33.0%) | 17 (36.2%) | ||
| two to four cycles | 40 (25.6%) | 26 (23.9%) | 14 (29.8%) | ||
| four to six cycles | 63 (40.4%) | 47 (43.1%) | 16 (34.0%) | ||
| Recurrence site | 0.257 | ||||
| Local | 15 (9.6%) | 12 (11.0%) | 3 (6.4%) | ||
| Liver | 30 (19.2%) | 24 (22.0%) | 6 (12.8%) | ||
| Peritoneum | 11 (7.1%) | 7 (6.4%) | 4 (8.5%) | ||
| Multiple sites | 27 (17.3%) | 21 (19.3%) | 6 (12.8%) | ||
| Other or uncertain sites | 23 (14.7%) | 16 (14.7%) | 7 (14.9%) | ||
| None | 50 (32.1%) | 29 (26.6%) | 21 (44.7%) | ||
| Rad-score | 0.591 | ||||
| High | 50 (32.1%) | 33 (30.3%) | 17 (36.2%) | ||
| Low | 106 (67.9%) | 76 (69.7%) | 30 (63.8%) | ||
| Total risk score | 0.214 | ||||
| High | 29 (18.6%) | 18 (16.5%) | 11 (23.4%) | ||
| Intermediate | 44 (28.2%) | 28 (25.7%) | 16 (34.0%) | ||
| Low | 83 (53.2%) | 63 (57.8%) | 20 (42.6%) | ||
BMI, body mass index; DP, distal pancreatectomy; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy; TP, total pancreatectomy; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; PNI, perineural invasion.