Table 2.

Analysis of relationships between early-life telomere length and three metrics of reproductive performance in 104 male and female house sparrows. (All models included individual as a random effect and year as a fixed effect factor.)

metrics of reproductive performance	effect ± s.e.	statistic (d.f.)	p-value
date of first egg in season
sex		0.03 (1,81.1)	0.87
female (n = 48)	155.2 ± 26.8
male (n = 56)	155.9 ± 27.3
sex by telomere length at day 10		1.4 (1,67.2)	0.23
female	−4.9 ± 8.0
male	8.2 ± 7.5
subject age	−3.5 ± 1.3	7.3 (1,181)	0.008
clutch size per attempt
sex		1.5 (1,62.8)	0.22
female	4.5 ± 0.6
male	4.4 ± 0.7
sex by telomere length at day 1		0.03 (1,47.9)	0.87
female	0.17 ± 0.18
male	−0.14 ± 0.17
first egg date of each breeding attempt	−0.01 ± 0.0009	111.0 (1,583)	<0.0001
offspring per attempta
sex		0.7 (1,515)	0.41
female	−0.3 ± 1.4
male	−0.4 ± 1.4
clutch size (offset)	0.4 ± 0.08	19.2 (1,515)	<0.0001
date of first egg for attempt	−0.004 ± 0.002	2.5 (1,515)	0.12
sex by telomere length at 10 days		0.7 (1,515)	0.41
female	0.18 ± 0.33
male	−0.12 ± 0.31

^aEffect sizes are in natural scale but statistical tests used logits. Individual explained no variance, so d.f. assume observations are independent.