Table 1.

Distribution of students’ demographics, sense of coherence score, self-directed learning readiness score, and academic performance (n=210)

Group variables	n	Mean±SD		Mean%±SD
		SOC score	SDLR score	Academic performance
Total	210	49.5±10.06	108.8±10.29	-
Percentage	54.5	75.0	64.6±5.5
Year of study
Year 3	65	48.6±10.8	108.5±11.1	65.2±5.8
Year 4	75	49.9±8.8	108.0±10.7	63.8±5.0
Year 5	70	50.1±10.6	110.1±9.0	64.9±5.7
Significant		0.632	0.424	0.278
Gender
Male	68	50.7±9.9	108.2±10.5	63.6±5.3
Female	142	49.0±10.1	109.1±10.2	65.1±5.6
Significant		0.237	0.564	0.059
Ethnic background
Chinese	89	50.5±9.4	108.7±9.4	66.1±5.8
Malay	68	49.7±10.0	108.4±11.9	64.3±4.7
Indian	53	47.8±11.0	109.6±09.6	62.6±5.4
Significant		0.314	0.734	0.001

SD=Standard deviation, SOC=Sense of coherence, SDLR=Self-directed learning readiness