Emission maxima, fluorescence quantum yields, lifetimes and kinetic constants of Chol-CN-Py in the gel, protonated sol, film and protonated film state^a.

	λ em (nm)	τ av (ns)	τ i (ns)	φ F	k r (ns−1)	k nr (ns−1)
Gel	485	13.87	2.41 (0.03), 8.76 (0.34), 18.28 (0.63)	61%	0.0443	0.0278
Protonated sol	535	2.30	1.92 (0.99), 9.69 (0.01)	16%	0.0690	0.3658
Film	485	13.16	1.16 (0.23), 4.80 (0.48), 17.57 (0.29)	22%	0.0164	0.0595
Protonated film	550	17.18	2.17 (0.14), 8.68 (0.46), 21.63 (0.40)	32%	0.0189	0.0393

^a λ _em: maximum emission wavelength; φ_F: fluorescence quantum yield determined using a calibrated integrating sphere; average lifetime: τ_av = (A₁τ₁² + A₂τ₂² + A₃τ₃²)/(A₁τ₁ + A₂τ₂ + A₃τ₃); radiative transition rate constant: k_r = φ_F/τ_av; non-radiative transition rate constant: k_nr = (1 − φ_F)/τ_av.