Table 2.
Estimated Multivariable Logistic Regression Models Describing Associations Between Discrimination, Any Tobacco Use Disorder and Moderate-to-Severe Tobacco Use Disorder Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual-Identified Adults With Concordanta Behavior and Attraction
| Any TUD (2+) | Moderate-to-severe TUD (4+) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Sexual minorities | Heterosexual-identified, concordant behavior and attraction | Sexual minorities | Heterosexual-identified, concordant behavior and attraction |
| Categories | N = 3210 | N = 29 238 | N = 3210 | N = 29 238 |
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Lifetime racial or ethnic discrimination scale | 1.03 (1.02, 1.05)* | 1.03 (1.03, 1.04)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05)* |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.67 (0.62, 0.73)* | 0.99 (0.75, 1.31) | 0.65 (0.58, 0.73)* |
| Age | ||||
| 18–24 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25–44 | 1.40 (0.96, 2.03) | 1.65 (1.42, 1.91)* | 1.42 (0.90, 2.24) | 1.65 (1.36, 2.01)* |
| 45–64 | 1.32 (0.90, 1.93) | 1.30 (1.14, 1.49)* | 1.33 (0.84, 2.11) | 1.39 (1.13, 1.71)* |
| ≥65 | 0.65 (0.37, 1.17) | 0.52 (0.44, 0.63)* | 0.67 (0.34, 1.31) | 0.59 (0.46, 0.76)* |
| Race or ethnicity | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| African American | 0.79 (0.58, 1.07) | 0.53 (0.46, 0.61)* | 0.78 (0.52, 1.15) | 0.50 (0.43, 0.58)* |
| Hispanic | 0.59 (0.41, 0.84)* | 0.33 (0.28, 0.38)* | 0.33 (0.23, 0.48)* | 0.32 (0.27, 0.40)* |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| High school degree or less | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Some college | 0.60 (0.46, 0.79)* | 0.68 (0.62, 0.75)* | 0.70 (0.51, 0.97) | 0.72 (0.64, 0.82)* |
| College degree or higher | 0.28 (0.21, 0.37)* | 0.35 (0.31, 0.39)* | 0.33 (0.23, 0.48)* | 0.40 (0.35, 0.46)* |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Urban | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Rural | 0.87 (0.63, 1.20) | 1.29 (1.15, 1.45)* | 0.82 (0.53, 1.28) | 1.29 (1.14, 1.45)* |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Northeast | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Midwest | 1.61 (1.11, 2.32) | 1.19 (1.03, 1.38) | 1.22 (0.78, 1.93) | 1.19 (0.97, 1.45) |
| South | 1.19 (0.85, 1.66) | 1.19 (1.02, 1.40) | 1.05 (0.70, 1.57) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) |
| West | 1.11 (0.78, 1.58) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) | 1.02 (0.68, 1.54) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.21) |
| Social support scale | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99)* |
| Relationship status | ||||
| Married or cohabitating | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Widowed | 0.92 (0.41, 2.08) | 1.21 (0.99, 1.47) | 0.39 (0.12, 1.27) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.56) |
| Divorced | 1.25 (0.88, 1.78) | 1.74 (1.56, 1.92)* | 1.37 (0.88, 2.15) | 1.61 (1.43, 1.80)* |
| Separated | 2.14 (1.29, 3.53)* | 1.46 (1.23, 1.73)* | 1.90 (1.06, 3.39) | 1.36 (1.09, 1.70) |
| Never married | 1.34 (1.03, 1.74) | 1.19 (1.06, 1.33)* | 1.34 (0.95, 1.89) | 1.28 (1.10, 1.49)* |
| Religiosity or spirituality | ||||
| Very important | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Somewhat important | 1.21 (0.94, 1.55) | 1.31 (1.18, 1.47)* | 1.22 (0.90, 1.66) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) |
| Not very important | 1.58 (1.07, 2.35) | 1.43 (1.23, 1.67)* | 1.26 (0.76, 2.09) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.47) |
| Not important at all | 1.32 (0.85, 2.04) | 1.35 (1.12, 1.62)* | 0.87 (0.53, 1.42) | 1.29 (1.04, 1.59) |
| Stressful life events | ||||
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1–2 | 1.66 (1.14, 2.43) | 1.55 (1.38, 1.74)* | 2.07 (1.28, 3.33)* | 1.75 (1.48, 2.07)* |
| 3+ | 3.20 (2.15, 4.76)* | 3.05 (2.67, 3.48)* | 5.22 (3.42, 7.98)* | 3.53 (2.92, 4.26)* |
| Any past-year DSM-5 anxiety disorder | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.44 (1.06, 1.97) | 1.50 (1.34, 1.69)* | 1.86 (1.35, 2.55)* | 1.71 (1.46, 2.00)* |
| Any past-year DSM-5 mood disorder | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.85 (1.43, 2.38)* | 1.58 (1.40, 1.78)* | 2.19 (1.62, 2.94)* | 1.95 (1.67, 2.26)* |
| Design-adjusted goodness-of-fit test | p = .8669 | p = .6149 | p = .6467 | p = .7766 |
AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition; TUD = tobacco use disorder.
Tests of significance: *p < .005.
aRespondents who identified as heterosexual and reported opposite-sex attraction and behavior.