Table 3.
Hierarchical regression analysis predicting depression
Model | B | SE | β | t | ΔR2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Block 1 – COVID-19 related variables (F(15,5567) = 21.67; p < 0.001) | 0.06 | ||||
Has anyone in your family been infected with COVID-19?a | −1.56 | 0.42 | −0.05 | −3.71* | |
Have you had a COVID-19 detection test?a | −0.44 | 0.28 | −0.02 | −1.60 | |
COVID-19 test resultsb | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 0.75 | |
Have you had a fear that COVID-19 could infect you?a | −1.33 | 0.18 | −0.10 | −7.38* | |
Is the pandemic affecting your family income?a | 0.86 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 4.42* | |
Has anyone in your family lost their job during the pandemic?a | −1.10 | 0.22 | −0.07 | −4.94* | |
Has there been a scarcity of food for your family during the pandemic?a | −0.88 | 0.20 | −0.06 | −4.37* | |
Using handkerchief/tissue during sneezing or coughinga | −0.33 | 0.28 | −0.02 | −1.20 | |
Sniffing the nose by the fold of elbows while sneezing and coughinga | −0.61 | 0.26 | −0.03 | −2.33 | |
Discharging cough/sputum in a proper placea | 2.10 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 7.78* | |
Washing hands with soaps or other cleanersa | 1.65 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 4.49* | |
Using a face mask while outsidea | −0.81 | 0.45 | −0.03 | −1.80 | |
Discharging tissue in a proper placea | −0.25 | 0.38 | −0.01 | −0.66 | |
Maintaining spatial distancea | 0.72 | 0.41 | 0.03 | 1.74 | |
Maintaining hygienea | −0.19 | 0.35 | −0.01 | − 0.55 | |
Block 2 – Lifestyle and activities in home quarantine (F(24,5558) = 27.41; p < 0.001) | 0.05 | ||||
Sleeping hoursc | −0.93 | 0.10 | −0.12 | −9.28* | |
Smoking statusa | −0.17 | 0.22 | −0.01 | −0.77 | |
Internet using hoursd | 0.70 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 8.09* | |
Playing videogamesa | −0.80 | 0.18 | −0.06 | −4.44* | |
Engaging in online communication (chat, video calling)a | −0.06 | 0.19 | 0.00 | −0.30 | |
Studyinga | 1.05 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 6.14* | |
Engaging in physical exercisea | 0.53 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 2.94 | |
Doing household choresa | −0.41 | 0.23 | −0.03 | −1.81 | |
Spending time talking with family membersa | 0.75 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 2.63 | |
Block 3 – Suicidal behaviors F(28,5554) = 39.67, p < 0.001 | 0.06 | ||||
Suicidal ideationa | −3.63 | 0.31 | −0.16 | −11.92* | |
Past suicidal thoughtsa | −2.36 | 0.29 | −0.12 | −8.09* | |
Suicidal attempt historya | −1.00 | 0.34 | −0.04 | −2.92 | |
Family suicide historya | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.01 | 1.01 |
B unstandardized regression coefficient, SE standard error, β standardized regression coefficient; a1 = Yes, 2 = No; b1 = Positive, 2 = Negative; c1 = < 7 h, 2 = > 9 h, 3 = 7–9 h; d1 = < 2 h, 2 = 2–4 h, 3 = 5–6 h, 4 = > 6 h; R2Adj = 0.16; *p < 0.001