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. 2021 May 26;288(1951):20210771. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0771

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© 2021 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — Self-actuated snap traps in the Venus flytrap (D. muscipula) (a) and waterwheel plant (A. vesiculosa) (b). Both species power all steps of the capture process intrinsically. In A. vesiculosa, latch removal is powered synchronously (hydraulic process), but motion actuation during snapping and narrowing combines synchronously and asynchronously powered processes (hydraulics, elastic energy release). In D. muscipula, trap narrowing is actuated solely by synchronously powered hydraulic processes; in Aldrovanda, the elastic energy release is also at play. Both species reopen their traps slowly by synchronously powered hydraulics. Sub-figure (a) modified from [36], in (b) from [49]. (Online version in colour.)