Table 3.
OLS and negative binomial regression (NBR) models of the district level COVID-19 cases (n = 228).
| Variables | Number of Cases | Number of Cases/10,000 Residents | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: OLS | Model 2: NBR | Model 3: OLS | Model 4: NBR | |
| Connectivity | ||||
| Degree centrality | 45.62188 * (−2.34) |
0.44392 ** (3.18) |
−0.50209 (−0.54) |
0.15022 (−1.35) |
| Closeness centrality | −21.27929 * (−2.58) |
−0.17435 (−1.40) |
−0.44005 + (−1.86) |
−0.12804 (−1.48) |
| Betweenness centrality | 7.78549 (1.35) |
0.30548 (1.45) |
0.55370 (−0.75) |
0.27804 (1.28) |
| Eigenvector | −9.26285 (−1.50) |
−0.10502 + (−1.91) |
0.22048 (0.68) |
−0.04594 (−0.98) |
| Density | ||||
| Net population density | 29.37699 * (2.51) |
0.30569 * (−2.48) |
−0.02309 (−0.05) |
0.05392 (0.48) |
| Net employment density | −4.33808 (−0.70) |
−0.00395 (−0.06) |
−0.45149 (−1.04) |
−0.01695 (−0.34) |
| Population characteristics | ||||
| % Female | 562.86792 (−1.09) |
21.16410 ** (2.60) |
47.50386 (−1.41) |
9.38009 (1.46) |
| % 20 s years old | 2.66258 (−0.99) |
0.00978 (−0.34) |
0.22942 (−1.09) |
0.01577 (0.89) |
| % 65+ years old | 1.18664 (0.98) |
−0.05200 * (−2.52) |
−0.01805 (−0.29) |
−0.00268 (−0.15) |
| Neighborhood resources | ||||
| No. of doctors/1000 people | −13.07725 (−1.49) |
−0.05617 * (−2.12) |
0.14679 (0.77) |
−0.02717 (−1.16) |
| Availability of nursing home (0/1) | 10.23637 (−0.8) |
0.45998 ** (2.73) |
−0.51969 (−0.62) |
0.14658 (1.01) |
| Park area/1000 people | −0.00042 (−1.54) |
−0.00001 *** (−3.69) |
−0.00003 (−1.49) |
−0.00001 (−1.58) |
| Economic factor | ||||
| Per capita GRDP | −0.19593 (−0.99) |
−0.00176 (−1.21) |
−0.002 (−0.36) |
0.00067 (−0.56) |
| Controls | ||||
| Land area (km2) | −0.00914 (−0.11) |
0.00113 (−1.43) |
−0.00358 (−1.46) |
−0.00139 * (−2.01) |
| Dummy for Daegu (0/1) | 800.48779 *** (5.89) |
2.45792 *** (−7.9) |
32.33786 *** (4.63) |
2.60876 *** (−10.8) |
| Constant | −228.62082 (−0.92) |
−5.89396 (−1.51) |
−22.74795 (−1.32) |
−3.79063 (−1.24) |
| Log Likelihood | −1.37 × 103 | −1.05 × 103 | −694.8584 | −465.41374 |
| Adjusted R2 or Pseudo R2 | 0.73776 | 0.10397 | 0.57988 | 0.14277 |
| Alpha (SE) | 1.007541 *** (−0.1174) |
0.493818 *** (−0.14) |
||
| AIC | 2764.2 | 2141.95 | 1421.72 | 964.83 |
| BIC | 2819.07 | 2200.24 | 1476.59 | 1023.13 |
Note: *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.10.