Table 3.
Plasma concentrations of proinflammatory mediators and pro-oxidative factors in participants grouped according to their change in CIMT or FMD (n = 40)
| Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative mediators |
Reduction in CIMT |
Increase in FMD |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥10% (n = 28) | <10% (n = 12) | ≥2-fold (n = 25) | <2-fold (n = 15) | |
| Adiponectin (pg/mL) | 25.5 (20.1, 29.1) | 27.9 (24.5, 28.8) | 26.6 (22.8, 28.8) | 25.6 (22.4, 27.1) |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 37.8 (24.3, 52.6) | 43.0 (34.4, 56.2) | 42.1 (19.9, 52.6) | 41.8 (34.9, 52.9) |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | 7.2 (6.3, 8.2) | 7.5 (7.0, 8.1) | 7.3 (5.6, 8.2) | 7.5 (6.4, 8.0) |
| IL1β (pg/mL) | 28.3 (7.3, 63.5) | 31.2 (29.19, 34.31) | 28.7 (24.7, 49.6) | 27.4 (7.33, 35.18) |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 17.2 (7.3, 60.7) | 24.18 (15.76, 29.14) | 17.9 (4.5, 30.1) | 15.06 (7.33, 29.16) |
| VCAM-1 (ng/mL) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.14) | 0.83 (0.60, 1.25) | 0.83 (0.60, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.16) |
| sICAM-1 (ng/mL) | 1.14 (0.78, 1.55) | 0.99 (0.73, 1.28) | 1.08 (0.75, 1.65) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.10) |
| VEGF-A (pg/mL) | 1.59 (1.01, 2.66)* | 6.20 (1.22, 19.23) | 1.69 (0.99, 4.60) | 1.80 (1.25, 13.09) |
| Nitric oxide (µmol/L) | 297.6 (205.5, 313.6) | 297.8 (278.3, 328.2) | 303.0 (292.5, 318.0) | 273.3 (204.6, 327.6) |
| MDA (µmol/L) | 405.7 (260.3, 668.1)* | 313.7 (202.5, 458.2) | 397.4 (208.3, 642.9) | 391.0 (260.3, 497.2) |
| AdipS VAT (µm2×10−3) | 2.1 (1.9, 2.5) | 1.6 (1.3, 2.5) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.2)* | 2.4 (1.9, 2.7) |
| AdipTA VAT (cm2) | 193.1 (153.7, 254.9) | 162.1 (130.6, 229.0) | 170.4 (135.8, 264.0) | 195.7 (148.8, 260.2) |
Categorical data are shown as n (%) and continuous data as median (IQR).
IL-1β interleukin 1β TNF-α tumour necrosis factor α; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-A; MDA, malondialdehyde; AdipS, adipocyte size; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; AdipTA, adipose tissue area, CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; FMD, flow-mediated dilation. * p<0.05, two-tailed t-test.