Table 2.

Patient demographic and clinical results, by GBA mutation status

Characteristic	GBA Non-carriers	GBA Carriers	p
No. of participants	68	32	-
Gender: Males, No. (%)	51 (75)	21 (65.6)	0.33*
Disease duration, mean (range), y	3.09 (1–7)	3.92 (1–13)	0.99
Age at symptom onset, mean [SD] (range), y	71.97 [5.91](58–85)	67.25 [8.90](44–85)	0.03
Age at testing, mean [SD] (range), y	74.01 [6.05](58–86)	71.18 [8.31](57–89)	0.058
Educational level, mean [SD], y	14.79 [3.77]	14.67 [4.07]	0.89
RBDQ score, mean [SD]	5.29 [3.16]	6.17 [3.30]	0.26
Hallucinations, No. (%)	42 (64.6)	25 (80.6)	0.11*
AChEI, No. (%)	35 (52.3)	24(75)	0.03 *
MMSE, mean [SD]. N = 94	23.97 [5.18]	21.41 [6.90]	<0.005**
MoCA, mean [SD]. N = 86	19.34 [5.14]	17.00 [6.45]	0.105**
UPDRS motor part 3 [SD]. N = 93	28.38 [11.21]	34.41 [13.49]	0.012+
Difference in MMSE 1 year to baseline, mean [SD]. N = 34	–0.74 [4.26]	–1.8 [2.85]	0.140*
Difference in MMSE 2 years to baseline, mean [SD]. N = 23	–2.67 [4.99]	–1.80 [3.11]	0.667*

All p-values reflect two-tailed t-test results unless marked with an asterisk; ^*p-values obtained by chi-squared test; ^**p-values obtained by ANCOVA with age, disease duration, and ACEI use as covariates; ⁺p-values obtained by ANCOVA with age and disease duration as covariates. MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale; RBDQ, REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire; AChEI, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors.