Table 2. Serial Hormone Concentrations in Men.
| Hormone concentration | Concentration, median (IQR) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | Day 3 | Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | |
| Testosterone, ng/dL | |||||
| With severe COVID-19 | 53 (18-114) | 19 (6-68)a,b | 20 (12-93) | 53 (10-95) | 102 (26-219) |
| Without severe COVID-19 | 151 (95-217)c,d | 111 (49-274)c,e | 180 (71-229)c,f | NA | NA |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | |||||
| With severe COVID-19 | 15 (10-23) | 12 (7-20) | 13 (7-19) | 17 (9-23) | 13 (10-20) |
| Without severe COVID-19 | 15 (11-20) | 18 (13-20) | 12 (11-13) | NA | NA |
| Estradiol to testosterone ratio, % | |||||
| With severe COVID-19 | 2.3 (1.0-9.0) | 3.6 (1.3-2.9) | 2.3 (0.9-1.8) | 5.0 (1.1-14.8) | 0.6 (0.3-4.8) |
| Without severe COVID-19 | 1.1 (0.5-1.9)c,g | 1.1 (0.5-1.7)c,h | 0.7 (0.5-1.7)c,i | NA | NA |
| IGF-1, ng/mL | |||||
| With severe COVID-19 | 85 (60-116) | 79 (54-116) | 75 (50-111) | 110 (41-124) | 73 (58-107) |
| Without severe COVID-19 | 99 (66-153) | 50 (16-118) | 75 (40-111) | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: IGF-1, insulinlike growth factor 1; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable (indicated if there were insufficient patients in a category).
SI conversion factors: To convert estradiol to picomoles per liter, multiply by 3.671; IGF-1 to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 0.131; and testosterone to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 0.0347.
a
Significant for comparison with day 0.
b
P = .004.
c
Significant compared with men with severe COVID-19, adjusted for group differences in age, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, smoking history, and race.
d
P = .008.
e
P = .01.
f
P = .04.
g
P = .02.
h
P = .03.
i
P = .04.