Table 5.
Dietary daily intake of energy and nutrients and the prevalence of deficiency in the subjects aged 80 and above in different education level.
| Nutrient | Ungraduated from Primary School | Primary School or Middle School | High School and Above | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | Below EAR (%) | Mean | SE | Below EAR (%) | Mean | SE | Below EAR (%) | |
| Energy (kcal/d) # | 1382.3 | 18.5 | 77.1 a | 1495.5 | 27.9 | 76.4 a | 1656.7 | 40.9 | 65.5 a |
| Protein (g/d) | 40.1 | 0.8 | 81.4 a | 48.4 | 1.5 | 73.6 a | 59.0 | 1.8 | 49.4 a |
| Fat (g/d) * | 56.5 | 1.3 | 22.3 h | 60.9 | 1.8 | 21.9 h | 66.4 | 2.1 | 23.5 h |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) * | 179.2 | 3.4 | 39.2 g | 189.1 | 4.5 | 40.9 g | 206.7 | 7.1 | 38.5 g |
| Vitamin A (μgRAE/d) & | 201.4 | 9.6 | 94.2 | 235.1 | 12.8 | 92.5 | 325.5 | 19.9 | 88.6 |
| VitaminE (mg/d) &^ | 25.1 | 1.1 | 34.1 a | 27.2 | 1.1 | 23.5 a | 30.3 | 2.5 | 16.4a |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/d) | 0.6 | 0.0 | 95.6 a | 0.6 | 0.0 | 93.5 a | 0.8 | 0.0 | 88.7 a |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/d) | 0.5 | 0.0 | 96.6 a | 0.6 | 0.0 | 92.2 a | 0.8 | 0.0 | 82.8 a |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 59.1 | 1.9 | 78.6 | 76.6 | 6.2 | 74.4 | 83.0 | 4.0 | 62.3 |
| Niacin (mgNE/d) & | 15.2 | 0.3 | 17.7 a | 18.0 | 0.6 | 13.0 a | 21.5 | 0.7 | 2.4 a |
| Folate (µg/d) | 105.1 | 3.1 | 98.4 a | 135.6 | 5.7 | 94.7 a | 169.3 | 10.6 | 92.7 a |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 257.2 | 7.3 | 98.9 a | 343.4 | 16.8 | 97.7 a | 486.0 | 29.8 | 90.9 a |
| Iron (mg/d) | 14.0 | 0.2 | 19.7 a | 16.4 | 0.5 | 11.0 a | 19.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 a |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 6.9 | 0.1 | 63.5 a | 7.8 | 0.2 | 66.8 a | 8.9 | 0.2 | 56.8 a |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 27.1 | 0.9 | 91.9 a | 34.1 | 1.5 | 85.7 a | 41.3 | 1.7 | 72.9 a |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 181.4 | 3.3 | 86.2 a | 219.7 | 5.8 | 77.3 a | 263.0 | 9.4 | 58.5 a |
| Sodium (mg/d) ^ | 4062.7 | 111.3 | 6.7 | 4203.5 | 178.8 | 5.1 | 3951.2 | 175.5 | 5.0 |
| Potassium (mg/d) ^ | 1007.7 | 22.2 | 96.2 a | 1276.1 | 42.0 | 88.2 a | 1626.2 | 54.3 | 76.2 a |
#: Compare to EER; ^: Compare to AI; *: fat: the percentage of energy from fat in 20–30%; carbohydrate: the percentage of energy from carbohydrate in 50–65%; &: μgRAE/d: μg Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) per day; mgNE/d: mg Niacin Equivalents (NE) per day; a: after controlling age, gender, marital status, education level and household income level, p < 0.05. h: ungraduated from primary school: <20%: 12.4%, >30%: 65.3%; Primary school or middle school: <20%: 9.3%, >30%: 68.7%; high school and above:<20%: 6.3%, >30%: 70.1%. g: ungraduated from primary school: <50%: 42.9%, >65%: 17.9%; Primary school or middle school: <50%: 46.9%, >65%: 12.3%; high school and above: <50%: 52.6%, >65%: 8.9%.