Table 2.
Percent change in neonatal cord blood cytokine concentration a associated with exposure to PM2.5 b and maternal depression c,d.
| Cytokine | Exposure | Main Effect, PM2.5 e |
Main Effects, Additive Model f |
|---|---|---|---|
| % Change (95% CI) | % Change (95% CI) | ||
| IL-10 | Med g | ||
| PM2.5 | −40.12 (−57.10, −16.61) | −40.17 (−57.07, −16.61) | |
| Ever depressed | 0.26 (−52.70, 112.53) | ||
| PHA | |||
| PM2.5 | −42.83 (−55.36, −26.79) | −41.75 (−54.46, −25.49) | |
| Ever depressed | −44.3 (−66.62, −7.07) | ||
| Bla | |||
| PM2.5 | −35.59 (−49.3, −18.18) | −34.50 (−48.39, −16.88) | |
| Ever depressed | −42.34 (−65.05, −4.86) | ||
| Der b | |||
| PM2.5 | −33.85 (−48.52, −14.99) | −32.99 (−47.85, −13.91) | |
| Ever depressed | −34.56 (−60.57, 8.61) | ||
| TNF | Medium | ||
| PM2.5 | −9.16 (−35.23, 27.41) | −10.16 (−36.00, 26.12) | |
| Ever depressed | 39.9 (−31.01, 183.66) | ||
| PHA | |||
| PM2.5 | −17.77 (−29.92, −3.52) | −17.1 (−29.36, −2.72) | |
| Ever depressed | −22 (−44.33, 9.29) | ||
| Bla | |||
| PM2.5 | −21.68 (−36.34, −3.65) | −21.02 (−35.82, −2.81) | |
| Ever depressed | −23.44 (−51.05, 19.76) | ||
| Der | |||
| PM2.5 | −28.45 (−43.74, −9.00) | −27.77 (−43.21, −8.12) | |
| Ever depressed | −27.38 (−59.10, 28.94) | ||
| IL-6 | Medium | ||
| PM2.5 | −29.95 (−42.06, −15.31) | −30.16 (−42.26, −15.51) | |
| Ever depressed | 9.53 (−27.43, 65.31) | ||
| PHA | |||
| PM2.5 | −15.33 (−28.29, −0.02) | −14.97 (−28.03, 0.46) | |
| Ever depressed | −12.49 (−38.38, 24.3) | ||
| Bla | |||
| PM2.5 | −12.52 (−23.60, 0.17) | −12.30 (−23.45, 0.46) | |
| Ever depressed | −8.25 (−30.88, 21.78) | ||
| Der | |||
| PM2.5 | −11.76 (−23.13, 1.29) | −11.52 (−22.95, 1.61) | |
| Ever depressed | −8.99 (−32.06, 21.91) |
a Cytokine concentration was measured in pg/mL; b Per 1μg/m3 increase, averaged over pregnancy; c Ever vs. never depressed; d Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, household income, child sex, the season of birth, pre-pregnancy BMI, and smoking; e Model does not contain a term for maternal depression; f Model is adjusted for both PM2.5 and maternal depression; g Analyzed using Tobit regression; all others analyzed using linear regression.