Table 8.

Natural substances decrease GBM cell migration and invasion by downregulating EMT modulators (Snail, Slug, and MMPs), Cofilin inhibitors (RhoA/ROCK/Limk and PKA), and actin polymerizers (STAT3/Fascin).

Effect	Substance	Cell Line	Source
Reduces cell migration	Eucalyptal A	U87MG, LN229	[32]
	Astaxanthin	GL261, U251MG	[35]
	Adonixanthin	GL261, U251MG	[35]
	Arctigenin	U87MG, T98G	[61]
	Crocetin	U87, U251	[34]
	CP	GAMG	[36]
	McC1	U251, GAMG	[36]
	Tannic Acid	C6	[39]
	TBMS1	U87, LN229	[41]
	Curcumin	U87	[52]
	Paeoniflorin	U251, T98G	[53]
	Diosgenin	C6, T98G	[54]
	Rutin	C6	[63]
	Magnolol	LN229, U87MG	[71]
	Gamabufotalin	U87	[72]
	Quercetin	C6	[63]
Reduces cell invasion	Eucalyptal A	U87MG, LN229	[32]
	Arctigenin	U87MG, T98G	[61]
	McC1	GAMG, U251	[36]
	CrataBL	U87	[49]
	Curcumin	U87	[52]
	Paeoniflorin	U251, T98G	[53]
	Diosgenin	C6, T98G	[54]
Downregulates MMP-2 (protein)	Astaxanthin	GL261	[35]
	Adonixanthin	GL261	[35]
	Arctigenin	U87MG	[61]
	TBMS1	U87, LN229	[41]
	Diosgenin	T98G	[54]
Downregulates MMP-7 (protein)	TBMS1	U87, LN229	[41]
Downregulates MMP-9 (protein)	Arctigenin	U87MG	[61]
	Diosgenin	C6	[54]
Downregulates p-PKA 1/2/3 (prot.)	Eucalyptal A	U87MG, LN229	[32]
Downregulates p-Cofilin (protein)	Eucalyptal A	U87MG, LN229	[32]
Downregulates fibronectin (protein)	Adonixanthin	GL261	[35]
Downregulates laminin (protein)	CrataBL	U87	[49]
Downregulates Snail (protein)	TBMS1	U87, LN229	[41]
	Galangin	U87, U251	[70]
Downregulates Snail (mRNA)	Galangin	U87, U251	[70]
Downregulates Slug (protein)	TBMS1	U87, LN229	[41]
Downregulates Fascin (protein)	Curcumin	U87	[52]
Reduces actin filament number	Paeoniflorin	T98G, U251	[53]
Downregulates GTP-RhoA (protein)	Paeoniflorin	T98G, U251	[53]
Downregulates ROCK (protein)	Paeoniflorin	T98G, U251	[53]
Downregulates (p-)Limk1 (protein)	Paeoniflorin	T98G, U251	[53]