Figure 2.
The anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet potency of TL (A), NL (A), and PL (B) extracts from ACBP, against human platelet aggregation induced by the inflammatory and thrombotic mediator PAF (for TL, NL, and PL) or by the platelet agonist ADP (for PL). Results are expressed as means of the IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations) values in µg of TL, NL, and PL in the aggregometer cuvette that causes 50% inhibition of PAF/ADP-induced platelet aggregation (the lower the IC50 value for a lipid extract the higher its inhibitory effect against the specific agonist of platelet aggregation). * denotes statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) when the anti-PAF potency (IC50 value) of the bioactive TL extracts were compared with the relative anti-PAF potency of the NL extracts for each ACBP (A), or when the anti-PAF potency (IC50 value) of the bioactive PL extracts were compared with their relevant anti-ADP potency for each ACBP (B). Abbreviations: TL, total lipids; NL, neutral lipids; PL, polar lipids; ACBP, apple cider by-products (apple pomace); ACBP1, apple cider by-products of low in tannin Jonagold apple variety; ACBP2, apple cider by-products of medium in tannin Dabinett apple variety; ACBP3, apple cider by-products of high in tannin Aston Bitter apple variety; PAF, platelet-activating factor; ADP, adenosine 5′ diphosphate.