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. 2021 May 9;13(5):1580. doi: 10.3390/nu13051580

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Metabolism in the uninjured nephron and proximal tubule. (A) The proximal tubule segment has gluconeogenic capacity and preferentially uses fatty acid oxidation to generate ATP. By contrast, the distal tubules do not have gluconeogenic potential but are better equipped to generate ATP through glycolysis. (B) Schematic of metabolism within the proximal tubule showing that glucose is taken up on the apical side by SGLT1/2 transporters and released on the basal side through GLUT1/2. Fatty acids (FA) cross the plasma membrane through CD36, fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP), convert into acetyl-CoA and are transported into the mitochondria through the carnitine shuttle involving the carnitine palmityol-transferases CPT1a and CPT2. Beta oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA produces acetyl-CoA which enters the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. Oxidation of acetyl-CoA by the TCA produces NADH which enters the electron transport chain (ETC) to generate ATP. Created with BioRen-der.com.