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. 2021 May 11;22(10):5084. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105084

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of transposon system delivery methods. The transposon can be delivered as plasmid DNA, plasmid-free of antibiotic resistance markers (pFAR), minicircle (MC), or doggybone DNA (dbDNA) (upper left). The transposase can be delivered as plasmid DNA, pFAR, MC, dbDNA, mRNA, or recombinant protein (upper right). Additionally, hybrid delivery methods combining transposon system components with non-integrative viral vectors or nanoparticles are possible (upper middle). Combined, these delivery methods enable in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo administration (bottom).