| ACE2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| AGEs | advanced glycation end products |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CAT | catalase |
| CGMS | continuous glucose monitoring systems |
| COVID-19 | coronavirus disease |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CXCL | CXC chemokine ligand |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| FMD | flow-mediated dilation |
| FRAP | ferric reducing ability of plasma |
| GSH | glutathione |
| ICAM-1 | intracellular adhesion molecule 1 |
| IFN-γ | interferon gamma |
| IL | interleukin |
| IR | insulin resistance |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MCP-1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| NAD | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NE | neutrophil elastase |
| NET | neutrophil extracellular trap |
| NF-kB | nuclear factor-kB |
| NLRP3 | NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| NOX | oxidase |
| OS | oxidative stress |
| PAI-1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
| PBMC | peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| PC | protein carbonyl |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| PR3 | proteinase 3 |
| RAAS | renin angiotensin aldosterone system |
| RAGE | advanced glycation end products receptors |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| T1DM | type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Th | T-helper |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| Treg | T regulatory |
| VCAM | vascular cell adhesion molecule |
| WBC | white blood cells |
| WHO | World Health Organization |