Table 1.
Distribution of characteristics of participants according to periodontal health status.
| Variables | Periodontal Health Status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community Periodontal Index (CPI) | Bleeding on Probing | ||||||
| CPI < 3 | CPI ≥ 3 | p-Value | Low | High | p-Value | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Socio-demographic factors | |||||||
| Age (years) * | 79.3 (7.3) | 79.1 (7.0) | 0.883 | 78.3 (7.2) | 80.2 (7.1) | 0.097 | |
| Sex | Male | 22 (23.4) | 12 (21.4) | 0.842 | 18 (23.4) | 16 (21.9) | 0.848 |
| Female | 72 (76.6) | 44 (78.6) | 59 (76.6) | 57 (78.1) | |||
| House income | 1 quartile | 45 (47.9) | 37 (66.1) | 0.014 | 35 (45.5) | 47 (64.4) | 0.007 |
| 2 quartile | 28 (29.8) | 16 (28.6) | 23 (29.9) | 21 (28.8) | |||
| ≥3 quartile | 21 (22.3) | 3 (5.4) | 19 (24.7) | 5 (6.8) | |||
| Education | ≤Elementary school | 26 (27.7) | 12 (24.4) | 0.038 | 23 (29.9) | 15 (20.5) | 0.035 |
| Middle school | 34 (36.2) | 32 (57.1) | 26 (33.8) | 40 (54.8) | |||
| ≥High school | 34 (36.2) | 12 (21.4) | 28 (36.4) | 18 (24.7) | |||
| Systemic health-related factors | |||||||
| Activities of daily living | Independent | 75 (79.8) | 30 (53.6) | 0.001 | 65 (84.4) | 40 (54.8) | <0.001 |
| Dependent | 19 (20.2) | 26 (46.4) | 12 (15.6) | 33 (45.2) | |||
| Systemic diseases | Absence | 3 (3.2) | 2 (3.6) | 1 | 4 (5.2) | 1 (1.4) | 0.367 |
| Presence | 91 (96.8) | 54 (96.4) | 73 (94.8) | 72 (98.6) | |||
| Smoking | Non-smoker | 89 (94.7) | 48 (85.7) | 0.074 | 73 (94.8) | 64 (87.7) | 0.152 |
| Smoker | 5 (5.3) | 8 (14.3) | 4 (5.2) | 9 (12.3) | |||
| Other oral health status | |||||||
| No. of remaining tooth * | 17.6 (7.1) | 17.4 (5.8) | 0.894 | 19.9 (6.1) | 15.0 (6.3) | <0.001 | |
| Oral health activities | |||||||
| Intake of fresh seasonal vegetables | ≥Once a day | 87 (92.6) | 43 (76.8) | 0.011 | 71 (92.2) | 59 (80.8) | 0.054 |
| <Once a day | 7 (7.4) | 13 (23.2) | 6 (7.8) | 14 (19.2) | |||
| Need for help in toothbrushing | Independent | 90 (95.7) | 35 (62.5) | <0.001 | 74 (96.1) | 51 (69.9) | <0.001 |
| Dependent | 4 (4.3) | 21 (37.5) | 3 (3.9) | 22 (30.1) | |||
| Daily frequency of tooth brushing | ≥Twice a day | 87 (92.6) | 45 (80.4) | 0.037 | 72 (93.5) | 60 (82.2) | 0.044 |
| <Twice a day | 7 (7.4) | 11 (19.6) | 5 (6.5) | 13 (17.8) | |||
| Use of interdental brush | User | 40 (42.6) | 10 (17.9) | 0.002 | 39 (50.6) | 11 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Non-user | 54 (57.4) | 46 (82.1) | 38 (49.4) | 62 (84.9) | |||
| Brushing of the lingual and palatal surfaces of the teeth | Partially/wholly performed | 69 (73.4) | 16 (28.6) | <0.001 | 71 (92.2) | 14 (19.2) | <0.001 |
| Not performed | 25 (26.6) | 40 (71.4) | 6 (7.8) | 59 (80.8) | |||
CPI, community periodontal index. * The values present mean (standard deviation).