Table 1.
Biological characteristics and dietary intake of participants in the study according to PNPLA3 genotype.
| N | CC (n = 13) | N | CG (n = 24) | GG (n = 22) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological Characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 13 | 14.2 (2) | 24 | 14.4 (2) | 14.1 (2) | 0.85 |
| Females (N (%)) | 13 | 8 (61.5) | 24 | 13 (54.2) | 9 (40.9) | 0.46 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 13 | 35.7 (8.8) | 24 | 33.7 (5) | 32.8 (5.6) | 0.19 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 13 | 107 (16) | 24 | 104 (12) | 103 (11) | 0.43 |
| Body fat (%) | 13 | 42.6 (5.7) | 24 | 42.8 (4.8) | 41.7 (5.4) | 0.59 |
| Trunk fat (%) | 13 | 43 (6.1) | 24 | 43.8 (5.3) | 42.6 (5.4) | 0.84 |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue (L) | 13 | 7.7 (2.5) | 24 | 8.5 (3.7) | 7 (2.2) | 0.53 |
| Visceral adipose tissue (L) | 13 | 1.8 (0.7) | 24 | 1.8 (0.7) | 2.2 (1) | 0.29 |
| Liver fat content (%) | 13 | 6.8 (5.2) | 24 | 8.8 (5.8) | 17.9 (11.3) | <0.001 |
| Liver stiffness (kPa) | 13 | 2.3 (0.2) | 24 | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.7 (0.5) | 0.01 |
| Liver fibrosis (N, %) | 13 | 1 (7.7) | 24 | 2 (8.3) | 7 (31.8) | 0.06 |
| Dietary Intake | ||||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 13 | 1856 (779) | 24 | 1479 (384) | 1639 (607) | 0.28 |
| Fat (g/day) | 13 | 68 (30) | 24 | 55 (17) | 57 (28) | 0.20 |
| Protein (g/day) | 13 | 69 (28) | 24 | 63 (20) | 72 (28) | 0.72 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 13 | 248 (113) | 24 | 186 (69) | 214 (82) | 0.25 |
| Total sugars (g/day) | 13 | 86 (38) | 24 | 80 (39) | 94 (49) | 0.57 |
| Added sugars (g/day) | 13 | 54 (39) | 24 | 44 (28) | 45 (39) | 0.49 |
| Sucrose(g/day) | 13 | 30 (17) | 24 | 36 (27) | 35 (26) | 0.57 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 13 | 18 (8) | 24 | 12 (5) | 16 (5) | 0.22 |
| Dietary fatty acids profile | ||||||
| Saturated fatty acids (g/day) | 13 | 22 (9) | 19 (7) | 18 (9) | 0.20 | |
| MUFA (g/day) | 13 | 23 (10) | 19 (7) | 19 (9) | 0.12 | |
| PUFA (g/day) | 13 | 18 (12) | 13 (5) | 13 (8) | 0.13 | |
| Omega-3 fatty acids (g/day) | 13 | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.9) | 0.25 | |
| EPA (g/day) | 13 | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.84 | |
| DHA (g/day) | 13 | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.55 | |
| Omega-6 fatty acids (g/day) | 13 | 15.9 (10.5) | 11.7 (4.8) | 11.9 (7.1) | 0.12 | |
| Arachidonic acid (g/day) | 13 | 0.1 (0.07) | 0.1 (0.07) | 0.15 (0.1) | 0.08 | |
| Linoleic acid (g/day) | 13 | 15.8 (10.4) | 11.5 (4.8) | 11.7 (7.0) | 0.11 | |
| Saturated fatty acids (g/day) | 13 | 22 (9) | 24 | 19 (7) | 18 (9) | 0.20 |
CC, PNPLA3 genotype CC; CG, PNPLA3 genotype CG; GG, PNPLA3 genotype GG; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic fatty acid; DHA, Docosahexaenoic fatty acid. p-values in bold represent significant difference across genotypes.