Table 1.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for metabolic syndrome according to milk consumption in Korean adult and elderly population.
| Milk Consumption (Servings/Day) | p Trend 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0< to <1 | ≥1 | ||
| All adults (4005 cases/18,206 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 3175/13,664 | 313/1701 | 517/2841 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.76 (0.65–0.88) | 0.78 (0.70–0.89) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.246 |
| Men (2208 cases/7488 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 1775/5855 | 149/519 | 284/1114 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.013 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | 0.204 |
| Women (1797 cases/10,718 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 1400/7809 | 164/1182 | 233/1727 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.76 (0.62–0.93) | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) | 0.002 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.96 (0.76–1.20) | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | 0.608 |
| All elderly people (2320 cases/5113 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 1941/4196 | 175/391 | 204/526 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | 0.73 (0.59–0.92) | 0.013 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.95 (0.73–1.24) | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.029 |
| Men (859 cases/2200 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 737/1862 | 56/136 | 66/202 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.04 (0.69–1.55) | 0.73 (0.51–1.05) | 0.129 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.97 (0.61–1.55) | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) | 0.359 |
| Women (1461 cases/2913 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 1204/2334 | 119/255 | 138/324 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.86 (0.63–1.16) | 0.69 (0.52–0.92) | 0.010 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.93 (0.67–1.28) | 0.72 (0.52–0.99) | 0.058 |
1p value were obtained from a regression model using the PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure. 2 Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, body mass index (BMI, continuous), education (≤middle school, high school, or ≥college), household income (lowest, lower middle, upper middle, or highest), smoking (non-smoker, former smoker, or current smoker), alcohol intake (never/rarely, 1–4/month, or ≥2/week), physical activity (yes or no), and total energy (continuous).