Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for metabolic syndrome according to yogurt consumption in Korean adult and elderly population.
| Yogurt Consumption (Servings/Day) | p Trend 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0< to <1 | ≥1 | ||
| All adults (4005 cases/18,206 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 3554/15,797 | 220/1161 | 231/1248 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.74 (0.61–0.89) | 0.74 (0.62–0.88) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.84 (0.70–1.02) | 0.065 |
| Men (2208 cases/7488 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 1999/6665 | 90/353 | 119/470 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.83 (0.62–1.11) | 0.75 (0.58–0.96) | 0.013 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) | 0.83 (0.63–1.08) | 0.158 |
| Women (1797 cases/10,718 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 1555/9132 | 130/808 | 112/778 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.78 (0.60–1.00) | 0.76 (0.60–0.96) | 0.008 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 0.87 (0.67–1.12) | 0.200 |
| All elderly people (2320 cases/5113 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 2000/4371 | 187/435 | 133/307 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) | 0.86 (0.65–1.12) | 0.155 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.80 (0.60–1.07) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) | 0.296 |
| Men (859 cases/2200 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 751/1918 | 63/168 | 45/114 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.82 (0.56–1.19) | 0.92 (0.59–1.41) | 0.512 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.78 (0.51–1.21) | 0.92 (0.59–1.44) | 0.507 |
| Women (1461 cases/2913 subjects) | ||||
| No. of cases/subjects | 1249/2453 | 124/267 | 88/193 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.84 (0.63–1.14) | 0.77 (0.55–1.09) | 0.091 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.81 (0.57–1.15) | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 0.353 |
1p value were obtained from a regression model using the PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure. 2 Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, BMI (continuous), education (≤middle school, high school, or ≥college), household income (lowest, lower middle, upper middle, or highest), smoking (non-smoker, former smoker, or current smoker), alcohol intake (never/rarely, 1–4/month, or ≥2/week), physical activity (yes or no), and total energy (continuous).