Table 5.
Determination of bioactive compounds in wheat germ extracts: carotenoids, tocopherols, and γ-oryzanol.
| Concentration (mg/kg) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extract | Lutein | Zeaxanthin | β-cry | α-car | β-car | α-toc | γ-toc | γ-oryzanol |
| Acetone | 5.83 ± 0.07 d | 10.41 ± 0.41 c | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Ethanol | 79.67 ± 0.38 a | 69.86 ± 1.70 a | ND | ND | ND | 312.17 ± 4.10 a | 228.37 ± 3.12 a | 5928.89 ± 23.32 a |
| Hexane | 24.5 ± 0.69 b | 31.60 ± 1.28 b | ND | ND | ND | 5.92 ± 5.08 b | 34.00 ± 1.21 b | 858.56 ± 9.21 b |
| HWE | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| SWE | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| UWE | 14.94 ± 0.33 c | 13.02 ± 1.45 c | ND | ND | ND | ND | 22.78 ± 0.30c | 486.49 ± 7.43 c |
The values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different letters in each column indicate statistically significant differences at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s multiple range test). ND, not detected; HWE, hot water extract; SWE, subcritical water extract; UWE, ultrasonic water extract; β-cry, β-cryptoxanthin; α-car, α-carotene; β-car, β-carotene; α-toc, α-tocopherol; γ-toc, γ-tocopherol.