Table 3.
Correlation coefficients between energy-adjusted intakes from FFQ and serum concentration of vitamins by season of the year in adolescents aged 15–17 years of the INMA-Granada study (n = 122).
| Seasons of the Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spring–Summer n = 45 |
Autumn–Winter n = 77 |
|
| Carotenoids | ||
| Lutein–Zeaxanthin (μg) | 0.46 | 0.43 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin (μg) | 0.25 | 0.28 |
| Lycopene (μg) | 0.59 | 0.15 |
| α-Carotene (μg) | 0.33 | 0.23 |
| β-Carotene (μg) | 0.36 | 0.16 |
| Average correlations for all carotenoids | 0.57 | 0.32 |
| Fruit and vegetable intake vs. serum carotenoids | 0.33 | 0.27 |
| Vegetable intake vs. serum carotenoids | 0.50 | 0.22 |
| Fruit intake vs. serum carotenoids | 0.14 | 0.26 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 0.16 | 0.06 |
| Fruit and vegetable intake vs. serum vitamin E | 0.15 | 0.13 |
| Vegetable intake vs. serum vitamin E | 0.35 | 0.14 |
| Fruit intake vs. serum vitamin E | −0.01 | 0.08 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | −0.02 | 0.22 |
| Fruit and vegetable intake vs. serum vitamin D | 0.24 | 0.19 |
| Vegetable intake vs. serum vitamin D | 0.30 | 0.02 |
| Fruit intake vs. serum vitamin D | 0.14 | 0.28 |
Coefficients higher than 0.20 were statistically significant (p < 0.05).