Table 1.
The mapping of challenges to enabling technologies.
| Main Challenge | Sub-Challenge | Enabling Technology |
|---|---|---|
| Need for convergence of IoT technologies | IoT Communication Protocols Interoperability | Digital Twins |
| IoT Devices Semantic Interoperability | Digital Twins, IoT Semantic Models | |
| Privacy and Security Aspects | Digital Twins, IoT Cybersecurity mechanisms | |
| IoT applications development and management | Development of distributed and self-adaptive IoT applications | Cloud-native principles, Microservices-based Applications, Containerization |
| Software modularity and reusability | Generic IoT functions/enablers | |
| Improve Intelligence and Automation | Dynamic Orchestration Mechanisms | Cloud/Edge Computing Orchestrators |
| Automation | Cloud/Edge Computing Orchestrators, Artificial Intelligence, Control Theory | |
| Massive IoT Deployments | 5G, IoT Network Slicing | |
| Context Awareness | IoT Semantic Models, Distributed Data Management, Distributed AI | |
| Human-centric solutions | Tactile and haptic communications | Design of human-centric interfaces, Tactile Internt technologies |
| Involving human-in-the-loop | Internet of Skills (IoS), Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality | |
| Efficient IoT data storage, representation and management | Data management over structured and unstructured data | IoT Semantic Models, IoT data lakes, knowledge graphs |
| Distributed data management and analysis | Federated Learning, Distributed AI | |
| Data Privacy and Security | Blockchain |