Table 3.

Effect of infusion of carbohydrate (glucose or sucrose) into duodenum, jejunum or ileum on energy intake and satiety.

Location	Infusate and Infusion Rate Kcal per min	Energy Intake		Satiety	References
		% Reduction	↑ ↓
Duodenum	0.6–2.0 glucose	10% (5–13)	↓	↑	[40,41,42]
	2.9–4.0 glucose	17% (11–26)	↓↓	↑↑	[21,22,23,40,41,42,43,44,45]
Jejunum	1.0 glucose	+11% *	↑↑	=	[42]
Ileum	0.19 sucrose	21%	↓↓	=	[29]
	0.57 sucrose	32%	↓↓↓	=	[29]
	0.66 glucose	10%	↓	=	[44]

Energy intake in % reduction in caloric intake: = no reduction or increase, ↓ 0–10% reduction, ↓↓ 10–25% reduction, ↓↓↓ > 25% reduction; + 11% * = increase in intake jejunal compared to duodenal infusion [42]. Energy intake reduction is presented as percentage reduction of energy intake as compared to control condition. Satiety: = no reduction or increase, ↑ 0–10% increase, ↑↑ 10–25% increase in satiety