Table 3.
Comparisons between the segmentation accuracy for the proposed method and conventional methods on OASIS and IBSR datasets.
| OASIS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axial Plane | |||||||||
| Method | WM | GM | CSF | ||||||
| DSC | JI | HD | DSC | JI | HD | DSC | JI | HD | |
| SegNet [20] | 0.89 ± 0.087 | 0.83 ± 0.096 | 4.74 ± 0.077 | 0.86 ± 0.069 | 0.80 ± 0.089 | 4.69 ± 0.053 | 0.85 ± 0.048 | 0.80 ± 0.068 | 4.12 ± 0.079 |
| U-net [4] | 0.93 ± 0.059 | 0.89 ± 0.068 | 4.16 ± 0.064 | 0.92 ± 0.048 | 0.87 ± 0.038 | 4.24 ± 0.046 | 0.901 ± 0.076 | 0.85 ± 0.055 | 3.82 ± 0.039 |
| U-SegNet [21] | 0.94 ± 0.048 | 0.90 ± 0.055 | 3.91 ± 0.057 | 0.93 ± 0.056 | 0.88 ± 0.058 | 4.11 ± 0.033 | 0.92 ± 0.024 | 0.86 ± 0.093 | 3.64 ± 0.047 |
| U-net++ [23] | 0.95 ± 0.075 | 0.91 ± 0.042 | 3.78 ± 0.048 | 0.94 ± 0.035 | 0.89 ± 0.072 | 3.84 ± 0.025 | 0.93 ± 0.039 | 0.87 ± 0.046 | 3.56 ± 0.036 |
| CE-net [29] | 0.95 ± 0.039 | 0.91 ± 0.074 | 3.65 ± 0.050 | 0.94 ± 0.042 | 0.90 ± 0.041 | 3.57 ± 0.044 | 0.93 ± 0.043 | 0.88 ± 0.037 | 3.21 ± 0.061 |
| Proposed | 0.97 ± 0.025 | 0.92 ± 0.062 | 3.13 ± 0.037 | 0.95 ± 0.029 | 0.91 ± 0.033 | 3.16 ± 0.030 | 0.94 ± 0.022 | 0.90 ± 0.043 | 2.44 ± 0.038 |
| Coronal Plane | |||||||||
| SegNet [20] | 0.87 ± 0.098 | 0.83 ± 0.038 | 5.21 ± 0.023 | 0.85 ± 0.044 | 0.80 ± 0.068 | 5.49 ± 0.053 | 0.83 ± 0.079 | 0.79 ± 0.056 | 5.87 ± 0.084 |
| U-net [4] | 0.94 ± 0.065 | 0.89 ± 0.049 | 4.88 ± 0.042 | 0.93 ± 0.057 | 0.88 ± 0.056 | 4.95 ± 0.042 | 0.92 ± 0.063 | 0.86 ± 0.029 | 5.34 ± 0.073 |
| U-SegNet [21] | 0.95 ± 0.049 | 0.90 ± 0.029 | 4.23 ± 0.039 | 0.94 ± 0.081 | 0.88 ± 0.043 | 4.48 ± 0.088 | 0.92 ± 0.054 | 0.87 ± 0.047 | 4.97 ± 0.039 |
| U-net++ [23] | 0.94 ± 0.076 | 0.89 ± 0.073 | 4.05 ± 0.047 | 0.93 ± 0.042 | 0.87 ± 0.037 | 4.29 ± 0.044 | 0.93 ± 0.048 | 0.88 ± 0.036 | 4.72 ± 0.043 |
| CE-net [29] | 0.95 ± 0.031 | 0.90 ± 0.026 | 3.98 ± 0.076 | 0.94 ± 0.038 | 0.89 ± 0.040 | 4.17 ± 0.071 | 0.93 ± 0.039 | 0.89 ± 0.029 | 4.17 ± 0.050 |
| Proposed | 0.96 ± 0.043 | 0.91 ± 0.041 | 3.52 ± 0.024 | 0.96 ± 0.020 | 0.91 ± 0.031 | 3.76 ± 0.029 | 0.94 ± 0.015 | 0.90 ± 0.016 | 3.95 ± 0.033 |
| Sagittal Plane | |||||||||
| SegNet [20] | 0.88 ± 0.096 | 0.84 ± 0.054 | 5.53 ± 0.027 | 0.85 ± 0.083 | 0.81 ± 0.055 | 5.26 ± 0.033 | 0.84 ± 0.040 | 0.80 ± 0.077 | 5.69 ± 0.088 |
| U-net [4] | 0.94 ± 0.068 | 0.89 ± 0.070 | 5.11 ± 0.030 | 0.92 ± 0.074 | 0.89 ± 0.030 | 5.11 ± 0.026 | 0.93 ± 0.058 | 0.88 ± 0.053 | 5.21 ± 0.079 |
| U-SegNet [21] | 0.95 ± 0.077 | 0.91 ± 0.049 | 4.72 ± 0.042 | 0.93 ± 0.066 | 0.89 ± 0.043 | 4.67 ± 0.042 | 0.93 ± 0.037 | 0.89 ± 0.060 | 4.75 ± 0.063 |
| U-net++ [23] | 0.95 ± 0.060 | 0.90 ± 0.036 | 4.46 ± 0.031 | 0.94 ± 0.038 | 0.88 ± 0.029 | 4.32 ± 0.019 | 0.94 ± 0.063 | 0.89 ± 0.041 | 4.56 ± 0.041 |
| CE-net [29] | 0.95 ± 0.043 | 0.91 ± 0.064 | 4.13 ± 0.020 | 0.94 ± 0.025 | 0.89 ± 0.035 | 4.25 ± 0.034 | 0.94 ± 0.051 | 0.90 ± 0.062 | 4.28 ± 0.055 |
| Proposed | 0.96 ± 0.027 | 0.92 ± 0.044 | 3.58 ± 0.023 | 0.95 ± 0.011 | 0.91 ± 0.040 | 3.98 ± 0.023 | 0.95 ± 0.031 | 0.91 ± 0.018 | 3.43 ± 0.031 |
| IBSR | |||||||||
| Axial Plane | |||||||||
| SegNet [20] | 0.72 ± 0.036 | 0.65 ± 0.042 | 6.51 ± 0.65 | 0.75 ± 0.049 | 0.67 ± 0.058 | 6.53 ± 0.91 | 0.68 ± 0.099 | 0.59 ± 0.095 | 6.96 ± 0.46 |
| U-net [4] | 0.89 ± 0.022 | 0.81 ± 0.034 | 5.14 ± 0.51 | 0.91 ± 0.017 | 0.85 ± 0.023 | 4.87 ± 0.51 | 0.84 ± 0.065 | 0.75 ± 0.079 | 5.24 ± 0.31 |
| U-SegNet [21] | 0.90 ± 0.043 | 0.82 ± 0.051 | 4.76 ± 0.39 | 0.92 ± 0.053 | 0.86 ± 0.028 | 4.45 ± 0.65 | 0.84 ± 0.029 | 0.75 ± 0.048 | 4.84 ± 0.18 |
| U-net++ [23] | 0.88 ± 0.085 | 0.80 ± 0.096 | 5.37 ± 0.36 | 0.89 ± 0.037 | 0.83 ± 0.049 | 5.17 ± 0.29 | 0.83 ± 0.058 | 0.74 ± 0.082 | 5.34 ± 0.64 |
| CE-net [29] | 0.89 ± 0.055 | 0.81 ± 0.073 | 4.98 ± 0.84 | 0.90 ± 0.068 | 0.84 ± 0.083 | 4.95 ± 0.38 | 0.82 ± 0.037 | 0.74 ± 0.031 | 4.74 ± 0.93 |
| Proposed | 0.91 ± 0.085 | 0.83 ± 0.064 | 4.45 ± 0.57 | 0.93 ± 0.076 | 0.87 ± 0.016 | 4.23 ± 0.92 | 0.85 ± 0.097 | 0.77 ± 0.023 | 4.26 ± 0.79 |
| Coronal Plane | |||||||||
| SegNet [20] | 0.70 ± 0.061 | 0.62 ± 0.051 | 6.32 ± 0.82 | 0.73 ± 0.037 | 0.65 ± 0.062 | 6.21 ± 0.84 | 0.66 ± 0.054 | 0.57 ± 0.086 | 6.84 ± 0.75 |
| U-net [4] | 0.88 ± 0.035 | 0.79 ± 0.034 | 5.45 ± 0.67 | 0.90 ± 0.014 | 0.83 ± 0.056 | 5.17 ± 0.38 | 0.83 ± 0.012 | 0.76 ± 0.043 | 5.54 ± 0.47 |
| U-SegNet [21] | 0.89 ± 0.076 | 0.80 ± 0.046 | 4.61 ± 0.21 | 0.91 ± 0.035 | 0.84 ± 0.043 | 4.56 ± 0.19 | 0.84 ± 0.085 | 0.76 ± 0.093 | 4.83 ± 0.25 |
| U-net++ [23] | 0.88 ± 0.021 | 0.79 ± 0.073 | 5.21 ± 0.39 | 0.91 ± 0.093 | 0.85 ± 0.074 | 5.24 ± 0.24 | 0.82 ± 0.034 | 0.73 ± 0.067 | 5.73 ± 0.39 |
| CE-net [29] | 0.89 ± 0.034 | 0.80 ± 0.851 | 4.89 ± 0.21 | 0.90 ± 0.049 | 0.85 ± 0.068 | 5.98 ± 0.93 | 0.83 ± 0.056 | 0.74 ± 0.042 | 5.21 ± 0.20 |
| Proposed | 0.90 ± 0.039 | 0.85 ± 0.088 | 4.24 ± 0.43 | 0.92 ± 0.019 | 0.86 ± 0.035 | 4.31 ± 0.67 | 0.84 ± 0.078 | 0.76 ± 0.097 | 4.55 ± 0.12 |
| Sagittal Plane | |||||||||
| SegNet [20] | 0.71 ± 0.043 | 0.63 ± 0.039 | 6.49 ± 0.61 | 0.74 ± 0.073 | 0.66 ± 0.059 | 6.36 ± 0.76 | 0.65 ± 0.083 | 0.54 ± 0.092 | 6.99 ± 0.41 |
| U-net [4] | 0.86 ±0.029 | 0.78 ± 0.062 | 5.75 ± 0.37 | 0.89 ± 0.036 | 0.81 ± 0.041 | 5.77 ± 0.21 | 0.80 ± 0.071 | 0.73 ± 0.019 | 5.83 ± 0.15 |
| U-SegNet [21] | 0.87 ± 0.016 | 0.80 ± 0.048 | 4.89 ± 0.14 | 0.90 ± 0.069 | 0.82 ± 0.046 | 5.42 ± 0.06 | 0.81 ± 0.096 | 0.74 ± 0.073 | 4.98 ± 0.09 |
| U-net++ [23] | 0.85 ± 0.083 | 0.79 ± 0.039 | 4.57 ± 0.54 | 0.88 ± 0.077 | 0.79 ± 0.081 | 4.96 ± 0.22 | 0.79 ± 0.049 | 0.72 ± 0.069 | 5.60 ± 0.44 |
| CE-net [29] | 0.86 ± 0.054 | 0.80 ± 0.025 | 5.34 ± 0.66 | 0.89 ± 0.051 | 0.80 ± 0.037 | 5.86 ± 0.55 | 0.79 ± 0.033 | 0.73 ± 0.022 | 5.25 ± 0.37 |
| Proposed | 0.88 ± 0.035 | 0.81 ± 0.073 | 4.63 ± 0.36 | 0.91 ± 0.028 | 0.83 ± 0.083 | 5.30 ± 0.18 | 0.82 ± 0.053 | 0.75 ± 0.011 | 4.12 ± 0.66 |
| Mean Square Error (MSE) | |||||||||
| SegNet [20] | U-net [4] | U-SegNet [21] | U-net++ [23] | CE-net [29] | Proposed method | ||||
| OASIS | 0.021 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.003 | |||
| IBSR | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.004 | |||