1. Clinical Research and Diagnostic Testing	Improved access to advanced diagnostics Leveraging prenatal and newborn screening programs to overcome underdiagnosis in minority groups Sequencing with ensured consent Deliberate efforts to improve diversity in genetic databases Training and infrastructure in marginalized communities to collect representative data Deliberate efforts to improve diversity in clinical research Report on race/ethnicity Culturally sensitive trial designs and objectives Language-accommodating consent forms and questionnaires
2. Regulatory Oversight ad Market Authorization	Coordinated national approach to review and funding Supplemental process for complex drugs Pharmacare drug agency to evaluate price and effectiveness International regulatory collaboration: worksharing, consideration of foreign reviews, etc. Tailoring valuation to the nature of PMs Structured value assessments that consider the rarity of conditions, the availability of alternatives, closeness to end of life, novelty, curative nature of treatment, societal impact and severity of illness Transparency in decision making for predictability Managing long-term uncertainty Mandatory national registries Post-market authorization renewal policies
3. Implementation into the Healthcare System	Managing healthcare budgets Additional layer of review: enhanced scrutiny, price negotiations and potential for restricted access for therapies that are expected to exceed a price threshold in annual spending for the first × amount of years Payment plan options: price caps, volume caps, stepwise, subscriptions Improving physical accessibility National support for medical travel Outreach care programs Telehealth services Managing jurisdictional disparity Pan-Canadian programs/frameworks for reimbursement decisions Alternative provision models Licensing agreements Social entrepreneurial models Philanthropic undertakings