| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes |
| Glut 2 | Glucose transporter 2 |
| Pdx1 | Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 |
| FoxO1 | Forkhead box protein O1 |
| MafA | V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A |
| HKI-III | Hexokinase |
| Ldha | Lactate dehydrogenase A |
| Ngn3 | Neurogenin 3 |
| Oct4 | Nanog Homoebox |
| Pou5f1 | POU domain class 5 transcription factor 1 |
| T1DM | Type 1 diabetes |
| SGLT2 | Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 |
| GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| IAPP | Islet amyloid polypeptide |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1 beta |
| NLRP3 | NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 |
| IL7R | Interleukin 7 receptor |
| IL17R | Interleukin 17 receptor |
| CCL3 | CC chemokine Ligand 3 |
| CCL8 | CC chemokine ligand 8 |
| CXCL2 | CXC chemokine ligand 2 |
| CXCL11 | CXC chemokine ligand 11 |
| CXCL12 | CXC chemokine ligand 12 |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
| Ucn3 | Urocortin 3 |
| H3K27 | 27th amino acid in Histone H3 |
| IL-1R2 | Interleukin 1 receptor 2 |
| MYD88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 |
| IRAK | Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| IKKs | IκB kinases |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| LOsG | Long-term oscillating glucose |
| UPR | Unfolded protein response |
| ERAD | ER-associated protein degradation |
| miRNAs | MicroRNAs |
| lncRNAs | Long non-coding RNAs |
| Aldh1a3 | Aldenyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A3 |