Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Workers (N = 1397) |
Healthcare Workers (N = 1154) |
Non-Healthcare Workers (N = 243) |
||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| (A) Demographics | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 869 | 62.2 | 762 | 66.03 | 107 | 44.03 |
| Male | 528 | 37.8 | 392 | 33.97 | 136 | 55.97 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 19–24 years | 126 | 9.020 | 83 | 7.190 | 43 | 17.700 |
| 25–44 years | 1084 | 77.59 | 921 | 79.81 | 163 | 67.08 |
| >44 years | 187 | 13.39 | 150 | 13 | 37 | 15.23 |
| Household size | ||||||
| 1–2 | 268 | 19.18 | 229 | 19.84 | 39 | 16.05 |
| 3–4 | 761 | 54.47 | 636 | 55.11 | 125 | 51.44 |
| ≥5 | 368 | 26.34 | 289 | 25.04 | 79 | 32.51 |
| Expenditure class | ||||||
| Poor | 202 | 14.46 | 163 | 14.12 | 39 | 16.05 |
| Vulnerable | 299 | 21.4 | 226 | 19.58 | 73 | 30.04 |
| Aspiring middle class | 600 | 42.95 | 502 | 43.5 | 98 | 40.33 |
| Middle and upper class | 296 | 21.19 | 263 | 22.79 | 33 | 13.58 |
| Active smoking status | ||||||
| No | 1254 | 89.76 | 1087 | 94.19 | 167 | 68.72 |
| Yes | 143 | 10.24 | 67 | 5.81 | 76 | 31.28 |
| (B) Protective behavior | ||||||
| Knowledge of PPE standards | ||||||
| No | 22 | 1.570 | 8 | 0.690 | 14 | 5.760 |
| Yes | 1375 | 98.43 | 1146 | 99.31 | 229 | 94.24 |
| Application of the six-step hand washing technique | ||||||
| Otherwise | 294 | 21.050 | 238 | 20.620 | 56 | 23.050 |
| Always | 1103 | 78.95 | 916 | 79.38 | 187 | 76.95 |
| The use of PPEs when in contact with suspected/positive COVID-19 patients | ||||||
| Otherwise | 627 | 44.880 | 479 | 41.510 | 148 | 60.910 |
| Always | 770 | 55.12 | 675 | 58.49 | 95 | 39.09 |
| Index of hand-washing frequency | ||||||
| Low | 535 | 38.300 | 441 | 38.210 | 94 | 38.680 |
| High | 862 | 61.7 | 713 | 61.79 | 149 | 61.32 |
| Physical distancing | ||||||
| Otherwise | 814 | 58.27 | 698 | 60.49 | 116 | 47.74 |
| Always | 583 | 41.73 | 456 | 39.51 | 127 | 60.49 |
| The use of a mask outside of the home | ||||||
| Otherwise | 108 | 7.73 | 91 | 7.89 | 17 | 7 |
| Always | 1289 | 92.27 | 1063 | 92.11 | 226 | 93 |
| (C) Signs and symptoms | ||||||
| Fever | 58 | 4.15 | 47 | 4.07 | 11 | 4.53 |
| Cough | 236 | 16.89 | 197 | 17.07 | 39 | 16.05 |
| Runny nose | 198 | 14.17 | 175 | 15.16 | 23 | 9.47 |
| Sore throat | 198 | 14.17 | 175 | 15.16 | 23 | 9.47 |
| Shortness of breath | 24 | 1.72 | 18 | 1.56 | 6 | 2.47 |
| Common cold | 58 | 4.15 | 51 | 4.42 | 7 | 2.88 |
| Headache | 171 | 12.24 | 139 | 12.05 | 32 | 13.17 |
| Muscle ache | 129 | 9.23 | 109 | 9.45 | 20 | 8.23 |
| Nausea | 70 | 5.01 | 59 | 5.11 | 11 | 4.53 |
| Watery eyes | 22 | 1.57 | 20 | 1.73 | 2 | 0.82 |
| Sputum production | 125 | 8.95 | 102 | 8.84 | 23 | 9.47 |
| Dizziness | 79 | 5.65 | 61 | 5.29 | 18 | 7.41 |
| Rash on skin | 20 | 1.43 | 18 | 1.56 | 2 | 0.82 |
| Loss of appetite | 41 | 2.93 | 33 | 2.86 | 8 | 3.29 |
| Anosmia | 12 | 0.86 | 11 | 0.95 | 1 | 0.41 |
| Ageusia | 12 | 0.86 | 11 | 0.95 | 1 | 0.41 |
| Tingling sensation | 26 | 1.86 | 20 | 1.73 | 6 | 2.47 |
| Delirium | 6 | 0.43 | 1 | 0.09 | 5 | 2.06 |
| (D) Dependent variables | ||||||
| RT-PCR result | ||||||
| Negative | 1375 | 98.43 | 1134 | 98.27 | 241 | 99.18 |
| Positive | 22 | 1.57 | 20 | 1.73 | 2 | 0.82 |
| Having at least one main symptom | ||||||
| No | 1124 | 80.46 | 923 | 79.98 | 201 | 82.72 |
| Yes | 273 | 19.54 | 231 | 20.02 | 42 | 17.28 |
| Data are n/N (%) if not specified | ||||||