Table 1.
Low molecular weight phenolic (LMWP; mg L−1) determined in wines from Malbec plants exposed to combined UV-B, WD and ABA treatments.
| Treatments | Syringic Acid | Cafeic Acid | Piceid | Resveratrol | Astilbin | Quercetin | OH-tyrosol | Total LMWP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV-B | ||||||||
| +UV-B | 6.1 ± 0.21 | 1.44 ± 0.10 | 3.54 ± 0.42 | 1.85 ± 0.30 | 11.90 ± 1.00a | 5.82 ± 0.65a | 3.47 ± 0.19 | 111.2 ± 4.6a |
| −UV-B | 6.8 ± 0.23 | 1.58 ± 0.14 | 2.82 ± 0.29 | 1.15 ± 0.23 | 9.01 ± 0.61b | 2.79 ± 0.31b | 3.03 ± 0.21 | 94.9 ± 3.5b |
| ABA | ||||||||
| +ABA | 6.4 ± 0.20 | 1.36 ± 0.11b | 3.67 ± 0.38 | 1.98 ± 0.30a | 9.81 ± 0.90 | 4.47 ± 0.61 | 3.17 ± 0.25 | 103.2 ± 6.0 |
| −ABA | 6.5 ± 0.27 | 1.66 ± 0.12a | 2.68 ± 0.32 | 1.02 ± 0.18b | 11.1 ± 0.84 | 4.14 ± 0.72 | 3.32 ± 0.17 | 100.9 ± 2.9 |
| WD | ||||||||
| +WD | 6.8 ± 0.28a | 1.43 ± 0.10 | 3.09 ± 0.32 | 1.94 ± 0.32 | 10.67 ± 1.00 | 3.79 ± 0.67b | 3.02 ± 0.21b | 103.5 ± 6.2 |
| −WD | 6.0 ± 0.11b | 1.58 ± 0.14 | 3.26 ± 0.40 | 1.06 ± 0.16 | 10.24 ± 0.83 | 4.82 ± 0.62a | 3.48 ± 0.19a | 101.2 ± 2.6 |
| +UV-B | ||||||||
| +WD/+ABA | 6.8 ± 0.88 | 1.45 ± 0.09 | 4.53 ± 0.54 | 3.43 ± 0.24a | 13.68 ± 0.85 | 6.42 ± 1.90 | 3.53 ± 0.65 | 134.9 ± 1.9 |
| −WD/+ABA | 5.9 ± 0.03 | 1.24 ± 0.19 | 4.27 ± 0.91 | 1.63 ± 0.25b | 8.66 ± 1.03 | 5.39 ± 0.70 | 3.43 ± 0.41 | 101.3 ± 5.0 |
| +WD/−ABA | 6.2 ± 0.42 | 1.42 ± 0.10 | 2.36 ± 0.47 | 1.38 ± 0.36b | 12.73 ± 1.48 | 4.67 ± 1.03 | 3.28 ± 0.10 | 103.7 ± 4.8 |
| −WD/−ABA | 5.6 ± 0.19 | 1.54 ± 0.34 | 2.59 ± 0.70 | 0.92 ± 0.29bc | 12.36 ± 2.85 | 6.71 ± 1.93 | 3.7 ± 0.54 | 113.5 ± 0.7 |
| −UV-B | ||||||||
| +WD/+ABA | 6.7 ± 0.53 | 1.05 ± 0.11 | 2.42 ± 0.30 | 1.66 ± 0.63b | 7.27 ± 1.77 | 2.1 ± 0.42 | 2.25 ± 0.36 | 93.8 ± 14 |
| −WD/+ABA | 6.3 ± 0.13 | 1.59 ± 0.29 | 3.07 ± 0.55 | 1.16 ± 0.21bc | 9.47 ± 1.35 | 3.89 ± 0.62 | 3.54 ± 0.32 | 95.3 ± 1.0 |
| +WD/−ABA | 7.7 ± 0.41 | 1.72 ± 0.22 | 2.65 ± 0.51 | 1.24 ± 0.46bc | 8.83 ± 0.52 | 1.9 ± 0.20 | 3.06 ± 0.27 | 91.9 ± 3.1 |
| −WD/−ABA | 6.3 ± 0.25 | 1.96 ± 0.19 | 3.13 ± 1.04 | 0.49 ± 0.03c | 10.47 ± 0.41 | 3.28 ± 0.44 | 3.26 ± 0.43 | 98.5 ± 5.1 |
| ANOVA a | ||||||||
| p(UV-B) | 0.0879 | 0.1093 | 0.2691 | 0.2774 | 0.1732 | 0.0133 | 0.2502 | 0.0474 |
| p(ABA) | 0.5959 | 0.0388 | 0.1115 | 0.0022 | 0.2672 | 0.8516 | 0.674 | 0.6436 |
| p(WD) | 0.0482 | 0.3188 | 0.5782 | 0.0926 | 0.7815 | 0.0433 | 0.0205 | 0.4717 |
| p(UV-B ×ABA) | 0.2134 | 0.2932 | 0.0492 | 0.0551 | 0.877 | 0.8735 | 0.7796 | 0.3217 |
| p(UV-B × WD) | 0.6836 | 0.2039 | 0.7275 | 0.6226 | 0.0397 | 0.2806 | 0.0776 | 0.2315 |
| p(ABA ×W D) | 0.2417 | 0.8103 | 0.9083 | 0.2837 | 0.5167 | 0.5656 | 0.6236 | 0.1341 |
| p(UV-B ×ABA × WD) | 0.3757 | 0.3610 | 0.7286 | 0.0392 | 0.3585 | 0.4096 | 0.2731 | 0.1615 |
Values are means for each factor or treatment (n = 3) ± SEM. Different lowercase letters within columns indicate significant differences (Fisher’s LSD, p ≤ 0.05). a p(UV-B), p(ABA) and p(WD): effects of UV-B, ABA and WD, respectively; p(UV-B ×ABA), p(UV-B ×W D), p(ABA × WD), and p(UV-B ×ABA × WD): interaction effects of factors. p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and are in bold.