Table 2.
Anthocyanin content (mg L−1) determined in wines from Malbec plants exposed to combined UV-B, WD and ABA treatments.
| Treatments | Dihydroxylated | Trihydroxylated | Total Antho | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyanidin | Peonidin | Delphinidin | Petunidin | Malvidin | ||
| UV-B | ||||||
| +UV-B | 8.67 ± 0.14b | 36.2 ± 3.3 | 50.7 ± 4.6 | 71.0 ± 5.2 | 302.3 ± 14.0 | 468.8 ± 26.6 |
| −UV-B | 9.11 ± 0.19a | 33.3 ± 2.9 | 44.1 ± 4.8 | 65.3 ± 5.6 | 292.1 ± 12.0 | 444.0 ± 24.8 |
| ABA | ||||||
| +ABA | 8.85 ± 0.15 | 42.8 ± 2.1 | 58.2 ± 3.6 | 80.8 ± 3.8a | 326.8 ± 9.0a | 517.4 ± 17.7a |
| −ABA | 8.93 ± 0.20 | 26.7 ± 1.3 | 36.6 ± 2.8 | 55.6 ± 3.3b | 267.7 ± 9.3b | 395.4 ± 15.8b |
| WD | ||||||
| +WD | 8.63 ± 0.13 | 32.5 ± 3.1 | 43.1 ± 4.8 | 62.8 ± 5.5 | 288.5 ± 14.4 | 435.5 ± 27.1 |
| −WD | 9.16 ± 0.19 | 37.1 ± 3.1 | 51.6 ± 4.4 | 73.5 ± 4.9 | 305.9 ± 11.1 | 477.3 ± 22.9 |
| +UV-B | ||||||
| +WD/+ABA | 8.36 ± 0.12 | 46.6 ± 3.3 | 66.2 ± 3.2 | 88.0 ± 4.8 | 347.7 ± 19.5 | 556.9 ± 30.6 |
| −WD/+ABA | 8.71 ± 0.16 | 45.7 ± 3.2 | 60.8 ± 5.8 | 83.1 ± 5.4 | 334.5 ± 8.1 | 532.8 ± 19.8 |
| +WD/−ABA | 8.81 ± 0.44 | 24.8 ± 2.1 | 34.4 ± 4.3 | 52.0 ± 3.6 | 252.6 ± 9.3 | 372.6 ± 13.8 |
| −WD/−ABA | 8.79 ± 0.33 | 27.9 ± 3.5 | 41.3 ± 7.1 | 60.9 ± 8.7 | 274.2 ± 24.8 | 413.0 ± 43.6 |
| −UV-B | ||||||
| +WD/+ABA | 8.80 ± 0.18 | 34.8 ± 4.0 | 44.4 ± 5.2 | 65.8 ± 7.3 | 295.7 ± 23.2 | 449.5 ± 39.5 |
| −WD/+ABA | 9.54 ± 0.23 | 44.4 ± 4.0 | 61.6 ± 8.4 | 86.2 ± 7.7 | 329.0 ± 6.8 | 530.7 ± 26.3 |
| +WD/−ABA | 8.54 ± 0.26 | 23.7 ± 2.6 | 27.6 ± 4.4 | 45.4 ± 6.0 | 258.0 ± 26.0 | 363.2 ± 38.8 |
| −WD/−ABA | 9.52 ± 0.73 | 28.1 ± 1.3 | 38.3 ± 1.5 | 58.8 ± 2.6 | 274.8 ± 9.6 | 409.7 ± 15.6 |
| ANOVA a | ||||||
| p(UV-B) | 0.0175 | 0.2748 | 0.1379 | 0.2837 | 0.5404 | 0.3797 |
| p(ABA) | 0.7196 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0005 | <0.0001 |
| p(WD) | 0.1341 | 0.1248 | 0.0911 | 0.0527 | 0.1480 | 0.0777 |
| p(UV-B ×ABA) | 0.3008 | 0.0310 | 0.0428 | 0.0668 | 0.1254 | 0.0610 |
| p(UV-B × WD) | 0.2479 | 0.1779 | 0.0973 | 0.0742 | 0.2080 | 0.1079 |
| p(ABA ×WD) | 0.7943 | 0.6731 | 0.0943 | 0.0937 | 0.5021 | 0.2967 |
| p(UV-B ×ABA × WD) | 0.4382 | 0.3299 | 0.2246 | 0.1555 | 0.3103 | 0.2238 |
Values are means for each factor or treatment (n = 3) ± SEM. Different lowercase letters within columns indicate significant differences (Fisher’s LSD, p ≤ 0.05). a p(UV-B), p(ABA) and p(WD): effects of UV-B, ABA and WD, respectively; p(UV-B ×ABA), p(UV-B × WD), p(ABA × WD), and p(UV-B ×ABA × WD): interaction effects of factors. p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and are in bold.