Table 5.
Volatile esters (µg L−1) determined in wines from Malbec plants exposed to combined UV-B, WD and ABA treatments.
| Treatments | Ethyl Lactate | Ethyl Nonanoate | Ethyl Decanoate | Isoamyl Octanoate | Ethyl Succinate | Ethyl Dodecanoate | Ethyl Pentadecanoate | Total Esters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV-B | ||||||||
| +UV-B | 13.0 ± 3.3 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 523.2 ± 65.9 | 47.4 ± 6.4 | 82.6 ± 11.5 | 11.7 ± 2.0 | 14.9 ± 4.6 | 7648.4 ± 928 |
| −UV-B | 8.1 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 655.5 ± 51.9 | 50.0 ± 5.4 | 106.5 ± 14.7 | 11.4 ± 2.2 | 20.7 ± 4.0 | 8802.3 ± 1197 |
| ABA | ||||||||
| +ABA | 7.4 ± 0.8b | 3.0 ± 0.4b | 547.3 ± 60.1 | 49.8 ± 5.9 | 91.5 ± 13.1 | 8.7 ± 2.0 | 21.7 ± 5.3 | 8150.1 ± 1018 |
| −ABA | 13.6 ± 3.3a | 4.2 ± 0.4a | 631.3 ± 62.4 | 47.6 ± 6.0 | 97.7 ± 14.2 | 14.5 ± 1.8 | 13.9 ± 2.9 | 8300.5 ± 1147 |
| WD | ||||||||
| +WD | 12.0 ± 3.5 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 482.3 ± 63.8b | 41.7 ± 6.1 | 84.9 ± 16.0 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 8.7 ± 2.2b | 7384.3 ± 1235 |
| −WD | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 696.4 ± 40.9a | 55.8 ± 5.0 | 104.3 ± 10.1 | 16.0 ± 2.1 | 26.9 ± 4.3a | 9066.4 ± 836 |
| +UV-B | ||||||||
| +WD/+ABA | 10.0 ± 2.2 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 363.6 ± 137.7 | 32.1 ± 13.8 | 40.5 ± 7.1 | 3.3 ± 1.0c | 6.4 ± 5.1 | 5430.6 ± 1633 |
| −WD/+ABA | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 721.0 ± 84.6 | 67.3 ± 10.0 | 111.8 ± 15.6 | 17.8 ± 5.0ab | 34.1 ± 12.1 | 10,013.3 ± 1264 |
| +WD/−ABA | 26.7 ± 9.9 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 337.4 ± 19.5 | 29.7 ± 5.3 | 54.2 ± 3.9 | 10.5 ± 0.9bc | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 4941.1 ± 186 |
| −WD/−ABA | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 670.8 ± 93.1 | 60.6 ± 5.4 | 124.0 ± 5.3 | 15.2 ± 1.9ab | 15.4 ± 3.4 | 10,208.4 ± 1564 |
| −UV-B | ||||||||
| +WD/+ABA | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 461.0 ± 95.9 | 41.9 ± 7.9 | 118.8 ± 39.6 | 5.1 ± 1.5c | 10.4 ± 3.9 | 8418.0 ± 3455 |
| −WD/+ABA | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 0.9 | 643.8 ± 62.1 | 58.0 ± 6.2 | 94.7 ± 7.3 | 8.4 ± 0.4bc | 35.9 ± 7.8 | 8738.7 ± 973 |
| +WD/−ABA | 5.9 ± 3.0 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 767.3 ± 52.6 | 62.9 ± 13.4 | 125.9 ± 33.8 | 9.6 ± 1.8bc | 14.3 ± 6.2 | 10,747.5 ± 2797 |
| −WD/−ABA | 13.0 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 749.9 ± 117.0 | 37.3 ± 11.7 | 86.6 ± 38.5 | 22.7 ± 3.4a | 22.2 ± 6.9 | 7305.2 ± 2775 |
| ANOVA a | ||||||||
| p(UV-B) | 0.1625 | 0.5053 | 0.2595 | 0.8482 | 0.5150 | 0.8549 | 0.2368 | 0.6694 |
| p(ABA) | 0.0293 | 0.0066 | 0.2383 | 0.7282 | 0.5161 | 0.0250 | 0.2135 | 0.8789 |
| p(WD) | 0.3428 | 0.5813 | 0.0147 | 0.0944 | 0.1480 | 0.0019 | 0.0013 | 0.2472 |
| p(UV-B ×ABA) | 0.1768 | 0.7491 | 0.1009 | 0.7045 | 0.4830 | 0.1303 | 0.6308 | 0.7636 |
| p(UV-B × WD) | 0.0454 | 0.6608 | 0.0651 | 0.0433 | 0.0092 | 0.6123 | 0.5402 | 0.0490 |
| p(ABA × WD) | 0.3320 | 0.2474 | 0.4197 | 0.0933 | 0.6619 | 0.9908 | 0.1836 | 0.4442 |
| p(UV-B ×ABA × WD) | 0.0822 | 0.2302 | 0.5226 | 0.1613 | 0.7167 | 0.0491 | 0.9487 | 0.2785 |
Values are means for each factor or treatment (n=3) ±SEM. Different lowercase letters within columns indicate significant differences (Fisher’s LSD, p ≤ 0.05). a p(UV-B), p(ABA) and p(WD): effects of UV-B, ABA and WD, respectively; p(UV-B ×ABA), p(UV-B × WD), p(ABA × WD), and p(UV-B ×ABA × WD): interaction effects of factors. p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and are in bold.