Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate survival analyses in cancer patients (n = 261).
| Variable | Univariate Model | |||||||
| HR | 95% CI | χ2 | p-Value | |||||
| Significant and Clinically Relevant Variables | ||||||||
| NSVT ≥4 beats & ≥100 bpm (yes vs. no) | 1.66 | 1.04–2.63 | 4.6 | 0.033 | ||||
| ≥20 Premature ventricular contractions/24 h (yes vs. no) | 1.67 | 1.21–2.30 | 9.9 | 0.0017 | ||||
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.01 | 1.001–1.03 | 4.3 | 0.039 | ||||
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.95 | 0.91–0.98 | 8.1 | 0.0043 | ||||
| Cancer stage (≥III vs. I/II) | 1.66 | 1.14–2.42 | 7.0 | 0.0082 | ||||
| Cancer type (solid vs. haematologic) | 2.09 | 1.52–2.87 | 20.3 | <0.0001 | ||||
| ECOG performance status (≥2 vs. 0/1) | 1.58 | 1.15–2.17 | 8.2 | 0.0043 | ||||
| Haemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.91 | 0.84–0.99 | 5.3 | 0.021 | ||||
| Sodium (per 1 mmol/L) | 0.94 | 0.90–0.98 | 10.4 | 0.0013 | ||||
| Opioids (yes vs. no) | 1.67 | 1.13–2.47 | 6.7 | 0.0097 | ||||
| Antidepressants (yes vs. no) | 1.85 | 1.14–2.99 | 6.2 | 0.013 | ||||
| Prior potentially cardiotoxic anti-cancer drugs (yes vs. no) | 1.41 | 1.02–1.96 | 4.2 | 0.039 | ||||
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.80 | 0.59–1.10 | 1.9 | 0.17 | ||||
| Potassium (per 1 mmol/L) | 1.07 | 0.78–1.48 | 0.2 | 0.66 | ||||
| Current use of antibiotics (yes vs. no) | 1.29 | 0.88–1.90 | 1.7 | 0.19 | ||||
| Coronary artery disease (yes vs. no) | 0.99 | 0.63–1.56 | 0.001 | 0.98 | ||||
| Variable | Multivariate Model 1 | Multivariate Model 2 | ||||||
| HR | 95% CI | χ2 | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | χ2 | p-Value | |
| Multivariate Survival Analyses in Cancer Patients with NSVT ≥4 beats & ≥100 bpm | ||||||||
| NSVT ≥4 beats & ≥100 bpm (yes vs. no) | 1.82 | 1.13–2.94 | 6.0 | 0.015 | 1.76 | 1.09–2.84 | 5.3 | 0.022 |
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 8.4 | 0.0038 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 8.2 | 0.0041 |
| Sodium (per 1 mmol/L) | 0.96 | 0.92–1.002 | 3.5 | 0.061 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.003 | 3.4 | 0.07 |
| Haemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.92 | 0.84–1.0003 | 3.8 | 0.051 | 0.92 | 0.84–1.004 | 3.5 | 0.06 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.96 | 0.93–0.996 | 4.7 | 0.031 | 0.96 | 0.92–0.998 | 4.2 | 0.041 |
| Opioids (yes vs. no) | 1.33 | 0.88–2.03 | 1.8 | 0.18 | 1.33 | 0.87–2.04 | 1.7 | 0.19 |
| Antidepressants (yes vs. no) | 1.50 | 0.91–2.47 | 2.6 | 0.11 | 1.60 | 0.97–2.64 | 3.4 | 0.07 |
| Cancer stage (≥III vs. I/II) | 1.50 | 1.01–2.21 | 4.1 | 0.043 | 1.52 | 1.03–2.24 | 4.4 | 0.037 |
| Cancer type (solid vs. haematologic) | 2.46 | 1.75–3.46 | 26.9 | <0.0001 | 2.54 | 1.80–3.59 | 27.7 | <0.0001 |
| ECOG performance status (≥2 vs. 0/1) | 1.23 | 0.87–1.73 | 1.4 | 0.24 | 1.40 | 0.97–2.01 | 3.3 | 0.07 |
| Prior potentially cardiotoxic anti-cancer drugs (yes vs. no) | 1.68 | 1.18–2.40 | 8.2 | 0.0041 | 1.70 | 1.19–2.43 | 8.4 | 0.0037 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.68 | 0.48–0.95 | 5.1 | 0.024 | ||||
| Potassium (per 1 mmol/L) | 1.15 | 0.83–1.59 | 0.7 | 0.40 | ||||
| Current use of antibiotics (yes vs. no) | 1.33 | 0.88–1.99 | 1.8 | 0.18 | ||||
| Coronary artery disease (yes vs. no) | 1.02 | 0.62–1.67 | 0.004 | 0.95 | ||||
| Multivariate Survival Analyses in Cancer Patients with ≥20 Premature Ventricular Contractions | ||||||||
| ≥20 Premature ventricular contractions/24 h (yes vs. no) | 1.71 | 1.22–2.40 | 9.7 | 0.0019 | 1.63 | 1.15–2.31 | 7.4 | 0.0064 |
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.01 | 0.9991–1.03 | 3.4 | 0.07 | 1.02 | 0.99995–1.03 | 3.8 | 0.05 |
| Sodium (per 1 mmol/L) | 0.97 | 0.92–1.008 | 2.6 | 0.11 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.008 | 2.6 | 0.11 |
| Haemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.91 | 0.83–0.989 | 4.9 | 0.027 | 0.91 | 0.83–0.991 | 4.7 | 0.031 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.96 | 0.92–0.993 | 5.3 | 0.021 | 0.96 | 0.92–0.996 | 4.6 | 0.032 |
| Opioids (yes vs. no) | 1.21 | 0.80–1.84 | 0.84 | 0.36 | 1.22 | 0.79–1.86 | 0.8 | 0.37 |
| Antidepressants (yes vs. no) | 1.60 | 0.97–2.64 | 3.5 | 0.06 | 1.67 | 1.01–2.75 | 4.1 | 0.044 |
| Cancer stage (≥III vs. I/II) | 1.64 | 1.11–2.42 | 6.1 | 0.014 | 1.63 | 1.10–2.41 | 6.0 | 0.014 |
| Cancer type (solid vs. haematologic) | 2.44 | 1.74–3.43 | 26.5 | <0.0001 | 2.49 | 1.77–3.52 | 27.0 | <0.0001 |
| ECOG performance status (≥2 vs. 0/1) | 1.30 | 0.92–1.84 | 2.3 | 0.13 | 1.47 | 1.02–2.11 | 4.4 | 0.037 |
| Prior potentially cardiotoxic anti-cancer drugs (yes vs. no) | 1.53 | 1.07–2.17 | 5.5 | 0.019 | 1.54 | 1.08–2.20 | 5.6 | 0.018 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.69 | 0.49–0.97 | 4.6 | 0.03 | ||||
| Potassium (per 1 mmol/L) | 1.14 | 0.83–1.57 | 0.6 | 0.42 | ||||
| Current use of antibiotics (yes vs. no) | 1.24 | 0.82–1.86 | 1.0 | 0.31 | ||||
| Coronary artery disease (yes vs. no) | 0.91 | 0.55–1.50 | 0.1 | 0.71 | ||||
Hazard ratios are presented for continuously or binomially distributed variables. Model 1 includes all significant univariate predictors of mortality. Model 2 includes all significant univariate predictors of mortality and other clinically important variables. Significant p-values (p < 0.05) are bold. 24 h, 24 hour; BMI, body mass index; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; bpm, beats per minute; CI, Confidence interval. HR, hazard ratio; NSVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; mmol/L, millimoles per litre; g/dL, grams per decilitre; kg/m2, kilogram per square meter; U/L.