Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics (%) a of 2282 women with preeclampsia by phenotype and 75,124 controls in California from 2000 to 2006.
| Cases | Controls b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Severe | Superimposed | ||
| n = 983 | n = 1043 | n = 256 | n = 75,124 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <20 | 18.3 | 17.1 | 3.5 | 13.6 |
| 20–24 | 27.4 | 27.0 | 16.0 | 29.7 |
| 25–29 | 21.8 | 23.6 | 24.6 | 27.7 |
| 30–34 | 17.9 | 17.2 | 27.0 | 19.1 |
| ≥35 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 28.9 | 10.0 |
| Missing | 0.1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 29.4 | 26.1 | 29.3 | 30.7 |
| US-born Hispanic | 31.7 | 30.9 | 25.8 | 25.4 |
| Foreign-born Hispanic | 22.6 | 25.8 | 20.7 | 28.7 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 7.9 | 6.9 | 14.8 | 5.2 |
| Other | 7.9 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 9.7 |
| Missing | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 28.0 | 27.6 | 25.0 | 31.2 |
| High school | 35.6 | 34.5 | 36.7 | 32.5 |
| More than high school | 34.5 | 35.3 | 36.3 | 34.6 |
| Missing | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 53.1 | 57.2 | 34.4 | 35.1 |
| ≥2 | 46.9 | 42.6 | 65.6 | 64.8 |
| Missing | -- | 0.2 | -- | <0.1 |
| Payer type for delivery | ||||
| Medi-Cal | 56.1 | 52.0 | 44.9 | 52.8 |
| Private | 41.8 | 44.4 | 51.2 | 44.7 |
| Other | 1.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.4 |
| Missing | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Season of conception | ||||
| Winter (Dec–Feb) | 26.1 | 24.5 | 23.1 | 26.2 |
| Spring (March–May) | 25.9 | 23.7 | 23.8 | 24.9 |
| Summer (June–Aug) | 23.7 | 27.0 | 23.1 | 23.6 |
| Fall (Sep–Nov) | 24.2 | 24.8 | 30.1 | 25.4 |
| Income below the federal poverty level (proportion greater than 20%) c | ||||
| No | 55.5 | 54.0 | 59.0 | 57.9 |
| Yes | 44.5 | 46.0 | 41.0 | 42.1 |
| Median household annual income (less than $30,000) c | ||||
| No | 57.4 | 56.5 | 60.6 | 60.2 |
| Yes | 42.6 | 43.5 | 39.5 | 39.8 |
a Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding. b Defined as women who delivered in the study period who did not have diabetes (gestational or pre-existing), did not have any hypertensive disorder, and delivered between 37 and 41 weeks. c From the 2000 US census at the block group level.