Table 1.

Endothelial function after treatment in specific subgroups.

OSA Subpopulation	Demonstrated Molecular Pathomechanism	Effect of OSA Treatment
Atherosclerosis	endothelial dysfunction	No effect on endothelium, did not reduced PWV [44]
		(2019, clinical trial, 101 patients)
Myocardial Infarction	Increased peroxynitrite formation [53], nitration of cardiac contractile proteins (MLC1 and MLC2) and their subsequent degradation (by MMP-2) protective role of TIMP-4 in ischemic preconditioning [54,55,56]	The ISAACC—among non-sleepy patients with acute coronary syndrome, treatment with CPAP did not significantly reduce the prevalence of acute coronary syndromes [58].
		(2020, randomized controlled trial, 1264 subjects)
		On the contrary, RICCADSA trial confirmed that CPAP treatment may reduce this risk, if the device is used at least 4 h/day [59]
		(2016, randomized controlled trial, 244 subjects)
Heart Failure	Increased peroxynitrite formation [53]	No effect on endothelium, lowering the left ventricle end-diastolic volume [61]
		(2020, randomized controlled trial, 141 patients)
Diabetes	impairment of the NO bioavailability, ROS	improved HOMA index, no effect on adipokine level [67]
		(2015, meta-analysis)
Hypertension	activation of RAAS	SBP—2.32 mm Hg [74]
		(2015, meta-analysis, 794 patients)
Pulmonary Hypertension	Increased inflammatory cytokines [81]	decrease in pulmonary artery pressure [83]
		(2010, metanalysis, 222patients)
Atrial Fibrillation	down-regulation connexin-43 [86]	(HR 0.41) the probability of AF recurrences [91]
		(2012, prospective study, 153 patients)
Children	decreased eNOS expression [96]	FMD improvement after tonsillectomy [95]
		(2015, clinical trial, 144 patients)