Table 1.

Organization of ANS innervation of major organ/systems

Organ/System	SNS (T1-L2)	PNS (CN X, S2–S4)	Somatic/motor
Heart
	T1–T5	CN X	None
Blood vessels
Upper body	T1–T5	CN X	None
Lower body	T6-L2	S2–S4
Sweat glands
Face	T1–T4	None	None
Upper limbs	T2–T8
Trunk	T4–T12
Lower limbs	T12-L2
Broncho-pulmonary
	T1–T5	CN X	C3–C8
Lower urinary tract
Detrusor Bladder neck/internal urethral sphincter	T10-L2	S2–S4	None
External urethral sphinctor	T10–T12	S2–S4	S2–S4
Gastro-intestinal tract
Esophagus to splenic flexure Splenic flexure to rectum/internal anal sphincter	T1-L2	S2–S4, CN X	None
External anal sphincter	T10-L2	S2–S4	S2–S4
Genitalia and reproductive
Vagina
Female reproductive organs Penis	T10-L2	S2–S4	S1–S4
Male reproductive organs

Abbreviations: ANS=autonomic nervous system; SNS=sympathetic nervous system; PNS=parasympathetic nervous system; T=thoracic; CN X=cranial nerve 10; L=lumbar; S=sacral; C-cervical