Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratio for prevalence of hearing loss with different smoking status in three age subgroups in males (N=2386)
| Variables | Young (n=699) (20–39 years) | Middle-aged (n=1053) (40–59 years) | Older (n=634) (60–80 years) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95% CI | p* | AOR | 95% CI | p* | AOR | 95% CI | p* | |
| Speech-frequency hearing loss | |||||||||
| Never smokers (Ref.) | 1 | 0.271 | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.032 | |||
| Passive smokers | 1.42 | (0.79–2.55) | 0.237 | 0.93 | (0.62–1.39) | 0.728 | 1.40 | (0.74–2.66) | 0.306 |
| Current smokers | 1.61 | (0.86–3.02) | 0.136 | 1.65 | (1.17–2.33) | 0.004 | 1.29 | (0.79–2.10) | 0.309 |
| Past smokers | 3.27 | (0.74–14.40) | 0.117 | 1.88 | (1.11–3.17) | 0.019 | 2.58 | (1.38–4.85) | 0.003 |
| High-frequency hearing loss | |||||||||
| Never smokers (Ref.) | 1 | 0.246 | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.378 | |||
| Passive smokers | 1.09 | (0.68–1.75) | 0.726 | 1.25 | (0.85–1.85) | 0.255 | 1.36 | (0.52–3.51) | 0.529 |
| Current smokers | 1.55 | (0.94–2.53) | 0.083 | 2.01 | (1.43–2.84) | <0.001 | 1.01 | (0.49–2.08) | 0.974 |
| Past smokers | 2.35 | (0.56–9.79) | 0.242 | 2.64 | (1.50–4.66) | 0.001 | 2.19 | (0.84–5.71) | 0.109 |
AOR: adjusted odds ratio; adjusted for the covariates of age, education level, income level, drinking, workplace noise, frequency of earphone use, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
*
Statistical significance at p<0.05. Ref.: reference group.