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. 2021 May 26;12:299. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02363-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — MMVs delivered PGC-1α to IEC-6 to improve the mitochondrial function. a The relative expression of PGC-1α in MSCs, MMVs, and CMVs. β-actin was used as the internal reference (n=5). b The relative expression of PGC-1α in IEC-6 treated by MMVs. β-actin was used as the internal reference (n=5). c The relative expression of PGC-1α in IEC-6 treated by modified MMVs. β-actin was used as the internal reference (n=5). d Representative microphotographs of mitochondria treated by modified MMVs and the average mitochondria length in 30 cells. The scale bar represents 10μm. e Representative microphotographs of ΔΨm in IEC-6 treated by modified MMVs. The scale bar represents 10μm. f Representative microphotographs of ROS in IEC-6 treated by modified MMVs. The scale bar represents 50μm. g ATP concentration in IEC-6 treated by modified MMVs (n=6). h OCR in IEC-6 treated by modified MMVs (n=6). Ctl, normal control group; LPS, LPS-stimulated group; CMV, CMV-treated group; MMV, MMV-treated group; MMV^PGC-1α-up, PGC-1α upregulation in MMVs; MMV^PGC-1α-down, PGC-1α downregulation in MMVs; MMV^vehicle, PGC-1α mock-transfection in MMVs. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05