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. 2021 May 26;40:177. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-01973-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — DLX6-AS1 from HCC-exo stimulates M2 macrophage polarization to accelerate migration, invasion and EMT in HCC. a. RT-qPCR detection of DLX6-AS1 expression in serum of HCC patients and healthy controls; b. Detection of CD68 expression in clinical samples through immunohistochemical staining; c. Correlation between expression of DLX6-AS1 and CD68 was analyzed using Pearson test; d. RT-qPCR detection of DLX6-AS1 expression in HCC-exo delivering oe-DLX6-AS1; e. RT-qPCR detection of DLX6-AS1 expression in macrophages after co-culture with HCC-exo delivering oe-DLX6-AS1; f. RT-qPCR detection of M2 macrophages markers (CD206, CD163, CCL17 and CCL18) after co-culture with HCC-exo carrying oe-DLX6-AS1; g. RT-qPCR detection of M1 macrophages markers (TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β) after co-culture with HCC-exo carrying oe-DLX6-AS1; h. Transwell assay tested the migration and invasion of SMMC-7721 cells after co-culture with M2 macrophages induced by HCC-exo carrying oe-DLX6-AS1; i. Transwell assay tested the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells after co-culture with M2 macrophages induced by HCC-exo delivering oe-DLX6-AS1; j. RT-qPCR of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP7 mRNA expression in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells after co-culture with M2 macrophages induced by HCC-exo delivering oe-DLX6-AS1; data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (repetition = 3) and evaluated by One-way AVONA and Tukey’s test. * P < 0.05 compared with the oe-NC group; # P < 0.05 compared with the PBS group; & P < 0.05 compared with the oe-NC-exo group; ^ P < 0.05 compared with the oe-NC-exo + M group