Table 2.
Associations of premenstrual disorders (PMD) with subsequent risk of injury
| Population analysis | Sibling analysis a | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | PMD | Model 1 | P | Model 2 | P | Reference | PMD | Model 1 | P | Model 2 | P | |
| N (IR) | N (IR) | HR (95% CI) b | HR (95% CI) c | N (IR) | N (IR) | HR (95% CI) b | HR (95% CI) c | |||||
| Any injury | 336,632 (23.3) | 2,390 (25.6) | 1.37 (1.31–1.42) | <0.01 | 1.30 (1.25–1.36) | <0.01 | 141,677 (22.4) | 973 (25.5) | 1.31 (1.16–1.48) | <0.01 | 1.28 (1.14–1.45) | <0.01 |
| Suicidal behavior | 22,420 (1.3) | 216 (2.1) | 2.26 (1.97–2.59) | <0.01 | 1.65 (1.43–1.89) | <0.01 | 8,911 (1.2) | 89 (2.1) | 1.86 (1.21–2.87) | 0.01 | 1.44 (0.87–2.40) | 0.16 |
| Accidents | 312,971 (21.4) | 2,191 (23.2) | 1.32 (1.27–1.38) | <0.01 | 1.28 (1.23–1.34) | <0.01 | 132,005 (20.7) | 895 (23.2) | 1.29 (1.14–1.46) | <0.01 | 1.27 (1.12–1.44) | <0.01 |
N number, IR crude incidence rate per 1000 person-years, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
aAnalyses were stratified on full sister sets
bHRs were controlled for attained age as the underlying timescale, calendar year of birth (1960–1965, 1966–1970, 1971–1975, 1976–1980, 1981–1985, or 1986–1990), educational level (primary school, high school, college and beyond, or unknown), region of residence (south, middle, or north of Sweden), and history of injury (yes or no)
cHRs were additionally adjusted for psychiatric comorbidities (yes or no)