TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
| Author reference – Year of Publication | Patient N (Male/Female) | Prevalence of ECMO use, % | Patient Age Mean in years±SD (Range) | Pre-ECMO Cardiac Surgery Procedures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magovern14 - 1994 | 21 (17/4) |
0.7 | 61.6 ± 2.2 (33–78) |
CABG 66.6% MV 14.3% Others 19,1% |
| Kodera15 - 1996 | 17 (11/6) |
na | 41.4 (22–64) |
CABG 17.6% Valve 82.4% |
| Fiser16 - 2001 | 51 (29/22) |
0.9 | 61±1.7 (32–77) |
CABG 66.6% Valve 9.8% CABG +Valve 9.8% HTx 13.7% |
| Smedira17 - 2001 | 107 (77/30) |
0.5 | na (18–82) |
CABG 56% Valve 14% CABG+Valve 18% Aorta (desc.) 4% Cong. 7% LV resection 1% |
| Ko18 - 2002 | 76 (48/28) |
2.60 | 56.8±15.9 (na) |
CABG 47.7% Valve 18.4% CABG+Valve 7.9% HTx 15.7% Cong. 3.9% Ao Diss. 2.7% |
| Zhang19 - 2006 | 32 (18/14) |
na | 55.4±11.9 (30–75) |
CABG 15.6% Valve 31.2% CABG+Valve 31.2% CABG+LV An. . 6.2% PEA 6.2 % Others 6.2% |
| Bakhtiary20 - 2007 | 45 (35/10) |
0.8 | 60.1±13.6 (na) |
CABG 44.4% Valve 4.4% CABG+Valve 17.8% CABG+VSD 6.7% HTx 4.4% LVAD 11.1% Others 11,9 |
| Hsu21 - 2010 | 51 (36/15) |
2.9 | 63±15.7 (na) |
CABG 52.9% Valve 21.6% CABG+Valve 13.7% HTx 7.8% Others 3.9% |
| Rastan22 - 2010 | 517 (370/147) |
1.28 | 63.5±11.2 (18–84) |
CABG 37.4% Valve 14.3% CABG+Valve 16.8% Thor. Tx 6.5% Others 25% |
| Elsharkawy23 - 2010 | 239 (163/76) |
0.58 | 59.7 (median) (na) |
CABG 44.3% Valve 33.6% |
| Pokersnik24 - 2012 | 49 (33/16) |
na | 65±13 (na) |
na |
| Mikus25 - 2013 | 14 (9/5) |
0.25 | 53.1±14.3 (25–70) |
CABG 35.7% Valve 42.9% Aortic Root 21.4% |
| Slottosch26 - 2013 | 77 (59/18) |
na | 60±13 (25–83) |
CABG 55.8% Valve 13% CABG +Valve 14.3% Aorta 6.5% HTx 2.6% Others 7.8% (Redo Surgery 19.5%) |
| Unosawa27 - 2013 | 47 (35/12) |
na | 64.4±12.5 (22–83) |
CABG 40.4% Valve 17% Valve+CABG 4.2% Valve+Aorta 2% Aorta 10.6% Aorta+CABG 6.4 % Aortic Root 4.25% VSD 10.6% PE 4.25% |
| Ariyaratnam28 - 2014 | 14 (8/6) |
na | 65.6 (na) |
Valve+CABG 42.8% Aortic Root 14.3% VSD 7% MVR+Maze 7% Ao Diss. 7% Aorta+ AA 7% VSD+CABG7% CABG+Lobectomy 7% |
| Li29 - 2015 | 123 (81/42) |
0.9 | 51.0±12.2 (70–85) |
CABG 35.8% Valve 32.5% CABG+Valve 9.8% CABG+ LVAn. 2.4% HTx 9% Others 10.5% |
| Saxena30 - 2015 a | 45 (31/14) |
na | 76.8±4.6 (70–85) |
na |
| Khorsandi31 - 2016 | 16 (12/4) |
na | 71 (34–83) |
na |
| Distelmaier32 - 2016 b | 385 (271/114) |
3.65 | 65 (median) (55–72) |
CABG 12.5% Valve 28.6% CABG+Valve 21.8% HTx 17.6% LVAD 8% Aorta 6.2% Others 5.2% |
| Mazzeffi33 - 2016 b | 23 (14/9) |
0.42 | 57±15 (34–86) |
CABG 30.4% Valve 52.2% Others 17.4% |
| Chen34 – 2017 | 1,141 (813/328) |
1.91 | 63.8±13.2 (na) |
CABG 63.9% Valve 24.1% CABG+Valve 12% |
| Guihaire35 - 2017 | 92 (53/39) |
0.7 | 64.5 (18–83) |
CABG 8.6% Valve 74.1% Ao Diss. 12.1% LVAD 3.4% Others 1.7% |
| Raffa36 - 2017 | 86 | na | 65±11.2 (31–86) |
CABG 22% CABG+Valve 21% Valve 16% Ao Diss. 4% Others 24% |
| Fux37 – 2018 | 105 (80/25) |
na | 62 (median) (18–77) |
CABG 20% Single, other than -CABG 29% 2 procedures 31% 3 procedures 20% |
AA, ascending aorta; Ao Diss, Aortic dissection; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; Cong, congenital; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HTx, heart transplant; LV, left ventricle; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; MV, mitral valve; MVR, mitral valve replacement; na, not available; PE, pulmonary embolectomy; PEA, pulmonary endo-arterectomy; Valve, valve replacement or repair; VSD: ventricular septal defect;
a
Study included only patients over 70 years of age
b
Study included only extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) after cardiac surgery