TABLE 3.
Complication Rates in Adult Patients Undergoing Post-Cardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
| Authorreference – Year of Publication | Bleeding, % | ECMO System Failure, % | Liver Failure, % | Sepsis/ Infection/ Bacteremia, % | CNS Events, % | Kidney Failure, % | Limb Ischemia (including amputation or fasciotomy), % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magovern14 - 1994 | 91 | 33 (oxygenator change) | na | 33 | 28.5 | 19 | 4.7 |
| Kodera15 - 1996 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na |
| Fiser16 - 2001 | na | na | na | 7 | 28 | 4 | na |
| Smedira17 - 2001 | na | 5 | na | 48 | 29 | 39 | 27 |
| Ko18 - 2002 | 46 | na | na | 26 | 11.8 | na | 17.1 |
| Zhang19 - 2006 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na |
| Bakhtiary20 - 2007 | 87 | 9 | na | 58 | 9 | 87 | 22 |
| Hsu21 - 2010 | 2.9 | na | na | 34 | 29 | 75 | 5.9 |
| Rastan22 - 2010 | 58 | na | na | 24.8 | 17.4 | 65 | 19.9 |
| Elsharkawy23 – 2010 | na | na | na | 36 | na | na | na |
| Pokersnik24 - 2012 | 71 | 63.6a 0b 7.4c |
na | 32.6 | 6.1 | 32.6 | na |
| Mikus25 - 2013 | 64.3 | 7.1 | na | 42.8 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Slottosch26 - 2013 | 29.9 | na | 3.9 | 29 | 22.1 | 68.8 | 20.8 |
| Unosawa27 - 2013 | na | na | na | na | 12.7 | 17 | 10.6 |
| Ariyaratnam28 - 2014 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na |
| Li29 - 2015 | na | na | na | 22.3 | 6.2d | 39.2 | 29.9 |
| Saxena30 - 2015e | na | na | na | 24.4 | 4.4 | 44.4 | 13.3 |
| Khorsandi31 - 2016 | na | na | na | 12.5 | 18.7 | 18.7 | 12.5 |
| Distelmaier32 - 2016f | na | na | na | na | na | na | na |
| Mazzeffi33 – 2016f | 6.2 | na | na | 18.8 | 25 | na | na |
| Chen34 - 2017 | 11.3 | na | na | 13.2 | 4.3 | 32.9 | 2.3 |
| Guihaire35 - 2017 | 19.5 | na | na | 52.1 | 3.2 | na | 9.8 |
| Raffa36 - 2017 | 46.4 | na | na | 21.4 | 29.7 | 29.8 | 10.7 |
| Fux37 – 2018 | 68 | na | na | 24 | intracranial hemorrhage 7 stroke 16 brain death 8 |
70 | leg fasciotomy 7 leg amputation 1 |
Abbreviations: ARF, acute renal failure; AST, aspartate transaminase; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CNS, central nervous system; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CPK, creatinephosphokinase; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CRF, chronic renal failure; CVVH, continuous veno-venous hemofiltration; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HTx, heart transplant; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LV, left ventricle; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MOF, multiorgan failure; na, not available; PA, pulmonary artery; VA, veno-arterial; VAD, ventricular assist device; CNS, central nervous system
Group of patients receiving Biomedicus (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) pump and Affinity oxygenator (Medtronic Inc. Minneapolis, Minn)
Group of patients receiving Biomedicus (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) and Quadrox D (Getinge, Hirrlingen, Germany) oxygenator
Group of patients receiving Rotaflow (Getinge, Hirrlingen, Germany) pump and Quadrox D (Getinge, Hirrlingen, Germany) oxygenator
Only stroke reported
Study included only patients over 70 years of age
Study included only extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) after cardiac surgery