Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables at the time of biopsy in predicting the risk of prostate cancer and high-grade prostate cancer

Variables	PCaa		HGPCaa		PCab		HGPCab
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P
Age at biopsy
Univariate analysis	1.05 (1.04–1.07)	<0.0001	1.06 (1.04–1.08)	<0.0001	1.05 (1.05–1.06)	<0.0001	1.05 (1.04–1.06)	<0.0001
Multivariate analysis	1.07 (1.05–1.08)	<0.0001	1.07 (1.05–1.09)	<0.0001	1.06 (1.05–1.07)	<0.0001	1.06 (1.05–1.06)	<0.0001
PSAD
Univariate analysis	45.15 (15.70–129.83)	<0.0001	25.38 (8.19–78.69)	<0.0001	1.15 (1.12–1.19)	<0.0001	1.11 (1.09–1.14)	<0.0001
Multivariate analysis	52.55 (16.42–168.22)	<0.0001	26.05 (7.53–90.07)	<0.0001	1.10 (1.07–1.14)	<0.0001	1.08 (1.05–1.10)	<0.0001
TRUS (nodule), positive versus negative
Univariate analysis	1.13 (0.91–1.41)	0.2728	1.02 (0.78–1.33)	0.8907	1.39 (1.25–1.54)	<0.0001	1.29 (1.16–1.43)	<0.0001
Multivariate analysis	1.06 (0.83–1.35)	0.6303	0.93 (0.70–1.24)	0.6252	1.38 (1.23–1.55)	<0.0001	1.28 (1.15–1.43)	0.0002
%fPSA
Univariate analysis	0.07 (0.02–0.30)	0.0003	0.09 (0.02–0.48)	0.0049	0.02 (0.01–0.05)	<0.0001	0.02 (0.01–0.04)	<0.0001
Multivariate analysis	0.07 (0.01–0.34)	0.0010	0.07 (0.01–0.45)	0.0051	0.02 (0.01–0.03)	<0.0001	0.01 (0.01–0.03)	<0.0001

^aPSA 4 ng ml⁻¹–10 ng ml⁻¹; ^bthe whole cohort. PSA: prostate-specific antigen; PSAD: prostate-specific antigen density; TRUS: transrectal ultrasound; %fPSA: the ratio of free-to-total PSA; PCa: prostate cancer; HGPCa: high-grade prostate cancer; CI: confidence interval