Table 1.
Summary of various classical B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
| Disease | Major Affected Tissue(s) | Predominant Autoantigen(s) | Location of Autoantigen(s) | Predominant Autoantibodies | B Cell-Depleting Therapy Effective? | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | Joints | Cyclic citrullinated peptides/proteins (CCP), IgG | Intra- and extracellular | Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), rheumatoid factor (RF) | Yes | [7,8] |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Multiple | Double-stranded DNA, Smith, SSA(Ro), SSB(La) | Nucleus | Anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Smith, anti-SSA(Ro), anti-SSB(La) | Inconclusive | [4,9] |
| Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) | Airways, kidneys | Proteinase-3 (PR3) | Cytoplasm | PR3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA) | Yes | [10] |
| Microscopic polyangiitis | Kidneys, skin | Myeloperoxidase (MPO) | Cytoplasm | MPO-ANCA | Yes | [10] |
| Pemphigus vulgaris | Oral mucosa and/or skin | Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), Desmoglein-1 (Dsg1) |
Cell surface | Anti-Dsg3, Anti-Dsg1 |
Yes | [11] |
| Pemphigus foliaceus | Skin | Dsg1 | Cell surface | Anti-Dsg1 | Yes | [11] |
| Bullous pemphigoid | Skin | BP180 BP230 |
Cell surface Intracellular |
Anti-BP180 Anti-BP230 |
Yes | [12,13] |
| Sjögren’s syndrome | Salivary glands, lacrimal glands | SSA(Ro), SSB(La) | Nucleus | Anti-SSA(Ro), anti-SSB(La) | Inconclusive | [14] |
| Myasthenia gravis | Muscles | Acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) | Cell surface | Anti-AChR, anti-MuSK | Yes | [15] |
| Immune thrombocytopenia | Platelets | Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, GPIb-IX-V | Surface of platelets | Anti-Ib/IIIa, anti-GPIb–IX-V | Yes | [16,17] |
| Graves’ disease | Thyroid gland | Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) |
Cell surface | Anti-TSHR | Inconclusive | [18] |
| Anti–glomerular basement membrane disease | Kidneys, lungs | Type IV collagen | Extracellular | Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibody | Inconclusive | [19] |
| Multiple sclerosis | Central nervous system | Unknown | - | Unknown | Yes | [20] |
| Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy | Peripheral nervous system | Contactin-1, neurofascin-155/140/186 | Cell surface | Anti-contactin-1, anti-neurofascin-155/140/186 | Possibly | [21,22] |
| Guillain–Barré syndrome | Peripheral nervous system | GD1a, GM1b, GM1, GD1b, GT1a GalNac-GD1a, GQ1b |
Cell surface | Anti-ganglioside | Unknown | [23,24] |