Table 4.

Nutritional gaps and possible replacement strategies in diets excluding the eight most common IgE-dependent food allergens.

Allergen	Deficiency	Substitute
Cow’s Milk	Calcium, vitamin D, protein, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B12, zinc	Almond milk, oat milk, coconut milk, rice milk, cashew milk, hems milk, macadamia milk
Wheat	Fiber, folate, vitamin B12, selenium, manganese, phosphorus, copper	Rice, quinoa, millet, amaranth, buckwheat, sorghum, teff
Egg	Retinol (vitamin A), riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, biotin, folate, pantothenic acid, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, selenium, zinc, iodine	Tofu, mashed banana, yogurt, buttermilk, chia seeds
Tree Nuts	Protein, fat, MUFA, PUFA, linoleic acid, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, selenium, zinc, copper, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin E	Pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, chickpeas, sesame seeds, olives, avocado
Peanut	Protein, fat, fiber, magnesium, folate, vitamin E, copper, arginine	Sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, flax seeds, tree nuts (almonds, cashews, walnuts)
Fish	Omega-fatty acids, proteins, iron, zinc, copper, vitamin B12, vitamin D	Walnuts, flaxseed oil, soy oil, canola oil, egg, sesame butter, leafy green vegetables (spinach, spirulina)
Shellfish	Omega-fatty acids, proteins, irons, zinc, copper, vitamin B12	Coldwater fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, sardines), egg, nuts, seeds
Soy	Protein, fat, fiber, vitamin C, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, copper, vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid	Fresh vegetables, plant proteins, grains