Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants by baseline Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Status
| Total (n=5,504) | CKD (n=325) | Non-CKD (n=5,179) | *P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.3±10.3 | 73.0±8.0 | 61.6±10.1 | <0.001 |
| Sex (Male) | 48.6% | 43.1% | 48.9% | 0.04 |
| Black | 24.1% | 22.8% | 24.2% | 0.6 |
| White | 39.4% | 45.2% | 39.0% | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 23.1% | 19.4% | 23.4% | 0.1 |
| Chinese | 13.4% | 12.6% | 13.5% | 0.7 |
| Smoking | 12.6% | 8.3% | 12.9% | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2±5.4 | 28.5±5.4 | 28.2±5.4 | 0.3 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 13.2% | 19.9% | 12.6% | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 63.1±9.7 | 63.6±11.2 | 63.1±9.6 | 0.3 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126±21.4 | 139±25.0 | 126±20.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 44.2% | 78.2% | 42.1% | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure medication use | 32.6% | 64.6% | 30.6% | <0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 117±31.4 | 116±33.5 | 117±31.2 | 0.74 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 50.8±14.8 | 49.6±15.0 | 50.9±14.8 | 0.1 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194±35.9 | 196±41.4 | 194±35.5 | 0.3 |
| Lipid lowering medication use | 16.1% | 27.4% | 15.4% | <0.001 |
| †NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 50.7 (49.1, 52.3) | 158.0 (140, 178) | 47.2 (45.8, 48.7) | <0.001 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.90±0.25 | 1.49±0.60 | 0.86±0.15 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.84±0.29 | 1.33±0.80 | 0.81±0.17 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine-cystatin C eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 89.8±18.4 | 48.8±11.0 | 92.4±15.5 | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 219 (3.98%) | 39 (12.0%) | 180 (3.48%) | <0.001 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or frequency (%) unless otherwise noted.
*
P-values compare CKD with Non-CKD groups. Abbreviations: CKD = chronic kidney disease; BMI = body mass index; SBP = systolic blood pressure; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein;
†
NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide shown as geometric mean (95% CI); eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine and cystatin C levels [28]. CKD defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2.