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. 2021 May 12;9:639111. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639111

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Copyright © 2021 Zhao, Fu, Hu, Chen, Wang, Fang, Ge, Lin, Pan, Fu, Wang, Du and Xu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Generation and characterization of serine-starvation-resistant cells. (A) CCK-8 analysis of cell viability in colon cancer cells (SW620, SW480, HT29, HCT116, and LOVO) cultured in basic and serine-deprived medium. Error bars represent mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05. (B) Schematic of the generation of serine-starvation-resistant cells. (C) The proliferation ability of the SW620, SW620-S, LOVO, and LOVO-S cells under the condition with serine or without serine measured by CCK-8. Error bars represent mean ± SD (n = 3). (D) KEGG annotations and enrichment of differentially expressed genes (Q-value) in SW620-S cells compared to SW620. Nodes in red indicate significance (Q < 0.05), and the size of the nodes indicates gene number. (E) Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of RNA-seq data in SW620-S relative to SW620 cells. (F) Heat map of significantly changed genes involved in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathway.